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Skeletal System (Long bones (Epiphysis (End of a long bone), Diaphysis…
Skeletal System
Long bones
Epiphysis
End of a long bone
Diaphysis
Everything between the epiphyses
Compact bone
Covers every bone surface
Spongy bone
Found inside every bone; contains trabeculae
Epiphyseal line
Visible line caused by growth
Medullary cavity
Hollow part inside the bone
Periosteum
Two layers composed of dense irregular connective tissue; the innermost layer is osteogenic
Endosteum
A single layer that is osteogenic
Articular cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Sharpey's fibers
Perforating fibers that connect to the bone
Nutrient arteries
Bones are very vascular; allows for easy repair because of oxygen supply
Synovial joints
Hyaline cartilage
Divides joint; produces more than one movement
Bursa
Synovial membrane in a sac filled with synovial fluid
Fibrocartilage
Shock absorbers; helps bones fit in joint
Joint capsule
Composed of connective tissue; contains synovial membrane
Bone cells
Osteogenic stem cells
Differentiate into other cells
Osteoblasts
Found in periosteum and endosteum
Create extracellular matrix
Osteocytes
"Retired" ostebolasts
Osteoclast
Breaks down bone by secreting enzymes
Fibrous/cartilaginous joints
Fibrous joints
Classification
Short/very short connecting fibers
Little to no movement
Structure
Sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
Function
Does not allow movement
Cartilaginous joints
Classification
contains hyaline/fibrocartilage
Function
Allows some movement
Structure
Synchondroses, symphyses