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Skeletal system and joints (components of a long bone (Epithysis (are the…
Skeletal system and joints
components of a long bone
Epithysis
are the bone ends, the joint surface is covered with articular cartilage
Diaphysis
shaft, forms the long axis of the bone
Articular cartilage
made of layer of hyaline cartilage
spongy bone
found in all bones. structure: trabeclae. found at the ends of bone and middle of bones that are hollow. includes osteocytes.
Periosteum
covers the entire outer surface of each bone. 2 layers: outer: D.I.C.T, attachment place for tendons and ligaments. inner: osteogenic cellular layer-generates bone
Compact bone
external layer. covers all bone surfaces. always covered with periosteum. it has osteocytes. colum like structure, close together.
Medullary Cavity
in the center of the diaphysis. in there, there is yellow bone marrow.
Endosteum
lines and covers trabeculae. its osteogenic: contains both osteoblast and osteoclasts.
Perforating fibers
thick bundle of collagen that runs into bone matrix
Nutrient Arteries
run through the holes in the diaphysis. arteries run inward to supply marrow and spongy bone
Bone Cells
osteogenic
stem cells-differencitate
osteoblast
creates bone extracellular matrix in growing bone and remodeling bone
osteocytes
maintain healthy bone tissue
osteoclast
origin: type of leukocytes
5-20 cells that fuse together to form one large osteoclast
have microvilli, which help break down bone
breakdown bone by secreting enzymes through microvilli. enzymes break down organic part of bone-liberates minerals to be reabsorted into blood
fibrous and cartilaginous joints
Fibrous joint
fibers connect the bones, very short interconnecting fibers.
Sutures: only in the skull. no movement
Syndesmosis: short connecting fibers. location: distal tibrofibular. little movement
Gomphosis: short connecting fibers-periodontal ligaments. location: where teeth and mandible/maxilla meet. No movement
Cartilaginous joints
synchondrosis: where hyaline cartilage unites bones.
Location: epiphyseal plate, between first rib and manubrium.
no movement
Symphysis: where fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage unites the bone.
location: intervertebral joints and pubic symphysis.
little movement
synovial joints:most movable joints in the body. each joints has fluid filled cavity.
joint capsule
layer 1:
strengthens the joint so the bones don't pull apart.
dense irregular c.t.- continuous with periosteum
layer 2: areolar c.t.
-synovial membrane: produces synovial fluid: slippery, lubricating, ruduces shock, nurishes articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage covers the ends of the bones.