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skeletal system and Joints (Long bone-components (Spongy bone-internal…
skeletal system and Joints
Long bone-components
Spongy bone-internal trabeculae(honeycomb feature)
endosteum-lines medullary cavity
covers-trabeculae
contains some marrow
Compact bone-external layer
Diaphysis-shaft of bone
periosteum-2 layers
deep-osteogenic cellular
superficial-dense irregular connective tissue
medullary cavity
filled with marrow
Epiphyseal line
between epiphysis and diaphysis (adults)
Epiphysis-ends of bone
articular cartilage (hyaline)
nutrient arteries-supply blood
Bone cells
osteogenic
stem cells
osteoblast
osteocytes
osteoclast
Irregular bone
Joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synchondrosis
hyaline cartilage
immobile
Symphysis
slightly movable
hyaline and fibrocartilage
Synovial joints
hinge
flexion + extension
pivot
rotation
plane
gliding
condylar
flexion+extension+adduction+abduction
saddle
flexion+extension+adduction+abduction
ball-and-socket
flexion+extension+adduction+abduction+rotation
Fibrous joints
Syndesmosis
short fibers
little movement (if any)
Gomphosis
immobile
periodontal ligament
Sutures
very short fibers
immobile
Flat bone
Short bones
Structure-adjoining bones seperated by joint cavity
joint capsule
Dense irregular connective tissue
Areolar connective tissue
synovial membrane
produces synovial fluid to fill joint cavity
lubricating
reduces shock
nourishes articular cartilage (hyaline)
create extracellular matrix in growing and remodeling bones
maintain healthy bone tissue
stem cells that differentiate
break down bone
Structure-adjoining bones by collagenic fibers
Structure-adjoining bones by cartilage
Bone classification