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Skeletal System and Joints Sec 31 By Nicole Hennen (Long bone components…
Skeletal System and Joints Sec 31 By Nicole Hennen
Long bone components
epiphysis
ends of the bones
diaphysis
shaft of bone
articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage that covers bones that connect to other bones
spongy bone
inside all bones at ends and middle of hollow bone, composed of trabeculae (spicules), contains osteocytes in lacunae
compact bone
covers all bone, makes up most of long bone, composed of osteons, always covered with periosteum
periosteum
consists of two layers
outer layer D.I.C.T; is an attachment place for tendons and ligaments
inner layer; osteogenic cellular layer-bone generator; sharpey's fibers that attach to the bone
medullary cavity
hollow cavity where yellow marrow resides; red marrow before age 7
endosteum
lines and covers trabeculea
perforating fibers
fibers that connect the periosteum to bone
nutrient arteries
provides nutrients to the bone
Yellow Marrow
adipose-energy storage; as adults
epiphyseal line
line left behind after bone has completed growth
Bone cells
Osteogenic
stem cells; differentiate
Osteoblast
create bone extracellular matris
Osteocytes in lacuna
maintain healthy bone tissue
Osteoclast
origin is a type of leukocyte; 5-20 cells fused together to make one osteoclast; breakdown bone surrounding by secreting enzymes through microvilli; liberates minerals to be reabsorbed
Joints
Fibrous Joints
Sutures
bones come together with fibers, very short interconnecting
located only in skull; don't move in adults
fontanelles in children; know as soft spot
syndesmosis
short connecting fibers: D.I.C.T
located in distal tibiofibular and only moves a little
gomphosis
short connecting fibers; periodontal ligaments
located where teeth and mandible/maxilla come together: no movement
Cartilaginous joints
synchondrosis
hyaline cartalige
located in epiphyseal plates, between 1st rib and manubrium; no movement
symphysis
hyaline cartilage & fibrocartilage
located in intervertebral joints & pubis symphysis; little movement
Synovial Joints
moveable; consists of more parts than the other joints; enclosed in capsule filled with synovial fluid( slippery, lubricating, allows movement w/o friction, reduces shock and nourishes the articular cartilage
Joint capsule
D.I.C.T
continuous with periosteum
areolar C.T.
synovial membrane produces and secretes synovial fluid to fill the joint cavity
bursa
synovial membrane in a sac
found between bone &skin, bone & tendon, bone & muscle
tendon sheath
a bursa with a special shape
found in wrists, ankles, fingers and toes
plane joint
flat articular surface
glides
found in intercarpal joint, intertarsal joints, joints between vertebral articular surfaces
hinge joint
cylinder and trough
flexion and extension
found in elbow joints and interphalangeal joints
pivot joint
sleeve and axle
rotation
proximal radioulnar joints, atlantoaxial joint
condylar joint
oval articular surfaces
flexion & extension; adduction & abduction
found in metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints, wrist joints
saddle joint
articular surfaces that are concave and convex
adduction & abduction; flexion & extension
found in carpometacarpal joints of thumbs
ball and socket joint
socket & ball
flexion & extension; adduction & abduction; rotation
found in shoulder and hip joints