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Plant Defences (Defence Against Herbivores (Poisons (Animals quickly learn…
Plant Defences
Defence Against Herbivores
Poisons
Animals quickly learn to avoid eating plants that make them feel unwell.
Hairs
Found on stems or leaves deter herbivores feeding on them or laying their eggs on them. Some combine poisons with hairs.
Thorns
Make it unpleasant or painful for large herbivores to eat them, but unlikely to deter insects.
Curling
Leaves collapse dislodging insects and scaring other animals.
Mimicry
Some plants droop to mimic unhealthy plants or butterfly eggs to avoid herbivores and competing insects.
Physical Defences
Cellulose Cell Walls
strengthens cells to help resist invasion.
Tough Waxy Cuticle
barrier to entry of pathogens.
Bark and Layers of Dead Cells
form a protective layer preventing pathogen entry. When shed, pathogens are shed too.
Leaf Fall
trees shed leaves so any infected by disease are lost yearly.
Chemical Defences
Secrete antibacterial chemicals to kill pathogens.
Compounds from plants can show antibiotic properties.