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Bones (Gross Long Bone Anatomy (Membranes (Periosteum-Covers the entire…
Bones
Gross Long Bone Anatomy
Diaphysis-This is the shaft portion of long bones. It has some spongy bone tissue towards the epipyseal ends but houses the medullary cavity at its center.
Medullary cavity- Is the cavity in the diaphysis of long bones. It contains red marrow when we are young and gradually changes to yellow marrow as we get older.
Epiphysis-This is the area at the end of long bones, internally it is made of spongy bone tissue and is covered in articular cartilage in areas where it comes into contact with other bones.
Articular Cartilage-Hyaline cartilage that covers portions of the bone that come into contact with other bones
Spongy Bone-Found internally in bones, it is composed of a honey comb structure called trabeculae, the space of which is filled with yellow or red bone marrow.
Epiphyseal Line-Area of bone that separates the diaphysis and epiphysis. It starts out as the epiphyseal plate, which is made of hyaline cartilage, once the bone is done growing it is then converted to bone tissue.
Compact Bone-Covers the outside of the bone and is thicker in the Diaphysis. It is composed of units called osteons.
Membranes
Periosteum-Covers the entire bone except where there is articular cartilage and serves as the tissue in which tendons and ligaments anchor to the bone. Composed of 2 layers, the outer layer is made of Dense irregular tissue and the inner layer is made of an osteogenic cellular layer.
Perforating fibers- Also known as Sharpey's fibers, these fibers attach to the bone matrix, which is what anchors the periosteum to the bone.
Endosteum-This membrane lines and covers the inside of the bone and the traculae. This membrane is also osteogenic.
Nutrient Arteries-These arteries run through all parts of the bone and the periostium. They provide the nutrients to the various tissues in the bone.
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Bone cells
Osteoblasts- These cells create the extracellular matrix of the bone. Once they have done this they become osteocytes
Osteocyte-In cased in lacunea, these cells help maintain healthy bone tissue
Osteoclast-formed from 5-20 cells,they are a type of leukocyte. They break down bone tissues by secreting enzymes from their microvilli
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