Dermatologic Disorders
Acne Vulgaris--> Most common skin disorder. Its the formation of papule, nodules, and cysts on the face, neck, shoulders, and back
Psoriasis: multisystem disease w skin/ joint disorders (plaque is the most common form)
Verruca Vulgaris
also known as warts
Drug-induced Dermatitis
Drug therapy —> skin lesions (rash, urticaria, papules, vesicles // erythema multiiform), Stevens Johnson, toxic epidermal necrolysis
caused by sensitizing lymphocytes
rash and hives are usually seen
Contact-Dermatitis
eczema when skin is exposed to irritants
Impetigo
An infection of the skin that is usually due to Streptococcus or Staphylococcus species
Sunscreens
Primarily used to block UV rays that cause sunburn, but they also protect against certain types of keratosis, skin cancer, premature aging, cold sores and fever blisters.
Burns and Burn Preparations
Systemic Drugs
refractory psoriasis
teratogenic except biologic response modifiers (BRMs)
Topical Drugs
1+
corticosteroids, vitamin D analogues, tazarotene, calcineurin inhibitors, salicylic acid, Anthralin, coal tar
4 weeks (worsens if longer)
Results from keratin plugs at the base of pilosebaceous oils glands near the hair follicles.
The primary bacterium is Propionibacterium acnes.
Most common in adolescents. During adolescence, production of androgens and sebum (an oily skin lubricant) are increased.
Bacteria start proliferating, which causes inflammation and irritation
Treatment--> systemic preparations, topical, antibiotics, vitamin A derivatives, oral contraceptives
Occur when the top layer of skin becomes infected with HPV.
May appear anywhere on the body, but particularly on the feet and hands.
Warts are contagious and can be spread by contact
Most commonly found in children 2-5 years old
Topical agents are used for mild and moderate infection.
Oral agents are used for more severe infections
Rash and hives are usually seen
Penicillin and lupus reactions
Chemical blockers--> absorb UV radiation and are effective against UVA radiations
Hand washing (dry, cracked hands —> pruritus and bleeding)
Physical blockers--> reflect or scatter UV radiation and are effective against both UVA and UVB radiation.
Continuous licking of lips
Bleach, pepper spray, foods, soap
UVB radiation--> primary cause of sunburn and skin cancer
Allergens - pruritis, swelling, burning, stinging, blistering, oozing, scaling
Avoid direct contact, moisturizers, gloves, antihistamines, topical corticosteroids, oatmeal baths
UVA radiation--> responsible for loss of elasticity (wrinkling) and collagen damage of the skin. Causes damage to deeper skin structures.
Hair loss and baldness
(alopecia)
Hair shaft is lost - hair follicle cannot regenerate
Anticancer, sulfonamides, anticonvulsants, aminoglycosides, NSAIDs, genes, febrile illnesses, pregnancy, myxedema
Minoxidil// finasteride
Types of Burns: Heat (thermal, most common), Electricity, Chemical = all cause lesions
Minor Burns: cool, wet compression applied to prevent further damage --> once cooled, clean gently with soap and water --> blisters should not be opened --> apply thin ointment (aloe vera or petroleum jelly) --> Antibiotics (bacitracin, neomycin, sulfate, polymyxin B sulfate) can be applied to prevent infections
Burn involving dermis and subcutaneous:
Get medical help immediately
Second Degree Burns:
Risk for dehydration (interstitial fluid was lost) --> can cause
hypovolemic shock
Vulnerable to infection and sepsis
IV Therapy started and analgesic is given
Burn areas clean and necrotic tissue is debrided
Broad Spectrum topical antibiotic applied to the burn areas to prevent
infection {e.g. Mafenide Acetate, Silver Sulfadiazine, Silver nitrate
0.5%}
Silver Sulfadiazine => Common antiinfective to treat 2nd and 3rd degree burns
-applied 2 daily, not absorbed through intact skin
-Attacks gram + and gram - and fungi
-NOT carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
-Metabolized in liver excreted in urine
-Contraindicated in near term pregnancy and among neonates and infants (<2 yrs old) Category B
Side Effects/ Adverse Reactions
-photosensitivity
-skin discoloration
-burning sensation
-rashes
-erythema multiforme
-skin necrosis
-leukopenia
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