Totalitarian Regimes Group 50

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What is a Totalitarian regime?

Italy 1922-1939

Spain

Spain 1921-1939

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Japan 1931-1945

Soviet Union 1929-1941

Industrial progress achieved, private property didn't exist.

Totalitarian Regime of USSR is also called Stalism,

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Its objective was to generate struggle for the overcoming of capitalism and the achievement of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

  • Mass propaganda techniques and modern communications.
  • Loss of the division of powers.
  • Secret police was created to eliminate the enemies of the regime
  • Disolution of other political parties.

Pravda
SOVIET NEWSPAPER

  • Led by a single leader and a single party.

Published its first issue on May 5, 1912, in Saint Petersburg.

Use of corporativism as a political power.

Offered its readers on science, economics, cultural topics, and literature

  • Militia was involved in the government and tried to take control.

It does not respect the individual dignity.

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-Government was soon dominated by the military in the early 1930s

-Civilians started forming extremist patriotic organizations, as an example the Black Dragon Society

-There were ultra-nationalist social organizations.

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Pravda

-The monarch was Emperor Hirohito.

  • Social classes into masses.

-Strongly promoted militarism ideology.

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-Education and culture were purged of most Western ideas

-Japan started to grow industrialy

In 1920 there are general elections when the socialist-worker

-Searches for an expansion to China since the Shandong Problem caused by the Versailles Treaty

People started quitting and dying because their houses were left apart.

The social model of the Italian fascism

The coup triumphed because it had a fundamental support, that of Alfonso XIII de Borbón.

The opposition to the dictatorship took a lot in the political aspect, some liberals, conservatives, republicans, socialists, anarchists.

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Ended the NEP and launched his First Five Year Plan which set economic goals for five-years period. This plan was meant to turn Russia to a an industrial country.

General Primo de Rivera, Rey Alfonso XIII, Jose Calvalcanti de Alburquerque

-The Saibatzu were large financial and industrial corporation that controlled major segments of the Japanese industrial sector. Examples: Mitsubishi, Mitsui, Sumitomo, Yasuda.

Private properties disappeared and became property of the government.

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An enemy of the USSR was Lev Trotsky, he didn't want Stalin in the power because he considered Stalin as an ignorant of real socialism.

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Stanlin [Bolshevik Party]

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Newspapers: Fukkokuban Jikyoku Shinbun, Hoji Shinbun and Keijō Nippō

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They used particular symbols to diferenciate their power

Marxism-Leninism.

Leninism ideology consists in a belief that global socialism can be achieved by dictatorship of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. And Marx states a proletariat connotation which is firstly economic more than political

The young faces groups were particularly focused on military activities.

The motto of this Regime was Peace and Success

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The fascist symbol refers to the metal ax held by wooden poles ("Union makes strength") and that way it represents the fascist State ("The State above the individual")

The National Fascist Party was the only political party.

Communist, Socialist, Capitalists and Democrats were against Fascism. The Marxists were the enemy number one because they was fighting against the ideology nationalist and totality.

Fascism is a political movement that was born in Italy. The fascists came to power in Rome in 1922.


Paramilitary group called “Fasci di Combattimento”.

PROPAGANDA

Fascist regimes put great effort into controlling the media, especially the radio and the press.

Propaganda (Newspaper "Il Popolo")

Italy was lead by Benito Mussolini.

It was a nationalist government.

Countries involved: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Letonia, Lituania, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, .

Newspaper

•La Nación

La Nación was a newspaper in Madrid between
1925 and 1936, it was financed by the administration of Primo de Rivera.

Rivera wanted to suspend the constitution of 1876 and he wanted the end of the parlament

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Spain in 1929 was an agrarian country with a poor level of industrialization. It had experienced an economic boom during the decade of the "happy twenty" The first effect of the crisis was the depreciation of the peseta. It went from a change of 5.85 per dollar in 1928 to 7.25 in December 1929. In 1932, the most dramatic year, it was trading at 12.42.

Rise of peripheral nationalisms and rise of republicans and the workers movement.

Thee triumph of fascism in Italy after the March on Rome in 1922 and the rise to power of Mussolini.

The National Assembly was preparing a draft Constitution and it seems that Primo de Rivera was already thinking seriously about his own withdrawal, just when he thought it was his best moment.

The causes of the coup

Several factors explain that the military dictatorship began to be seen as a solution to the crisis of the country between the upper bourgeoisie, many of the middle classes and the Army.