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Ramos Carmen per. 5 Respiratory System (definitions of lung capacity…

- - - - Sinuses: Air-filled spaces within maxillary y, frontal, ethmoid, and spheroid bones of the skull. Open to nasal cavity, and are lined with mucus membrane that is continuous with that lining the nasal cavity.
        
        Pharnyx: common passageway for air and food./ Divided by 3 subdivisions - nasopharnyx, oropharnyx, and laryngopharnyx.
        
        Larynx: enlargement in airway superior to trachea and inferior to pharnyx. Framework of muscles and cartilage bound by elastic tissue. Thyroid and circoid cartilages are hyaline cartilage and epiglottis is elastic cartilage./ Inside larnyx two pair folds of muscle and connective tissue covered with mucous membrane make the vocal cords.
        
        LRT
        
        Trachea: Inner wall is lined with ciliated mucous membrane. Tracheal wall is supported by 20 incomplete cartilaginous rings that keep the airway open. Extends downwards anterior to the esophagus and into the thoracic cavity, splits to right and left primary bronchi.
        
        Bronchial Tree: branched mucous membrane-lined tubes leading from the trachea to the alveoli. Has two primary main bronchi each leading to a lung, lobar (secondary ) bronchi going to each lobe. Branches into segmental (tertiary) bronchi into each lobe segment. Subdivides into terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, then alveolar sacs that destroy in alveoli.
        
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- - - - External intercostals: contraction moves ribs and sternum upward and outward, increasing size of thoracic cavity. Increases size of chest cavity reduces pressure within, and air enters lungs (higher pressure air from outside foes into the lower pressure inside lungs)
        
        Expiration: passive process air moves out of lungs. During expiration, thorax returns to its resting size and shape. (Elastic recoil) - of lung tissues aids in expiration.
        
        Reduction in size of thoracic cavity increases its pressure and air leaves lungs.
- - - - Tuberculosis: bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis. Cause: contagious, inhaled. Weakened immune system.Symptons: cough w/thick mucus, weight loss and night sweats. Fever and fatigue.
        
        Lung cancer: uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in the lungs/ Causes: smoking, second-hand smoke, and radon gas/ Symptons: occurs at later stage: chest pain, shortness of breath, and chronic infection.
        
        Pneumonia: Bacterial or viral infection of lungs/Causes: bacterial infection, viral infection, aspiration/ Symptons: Fever, shortness of breath, and chills.