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Respiratory System (breathing mechanism (respiration (entire process of…
Respiratory System
breathing mechanism
respiration
entire process of exchanging gases between atmosphere and body cells
internal respiration
exchange of gases between blood and body cells
pulmonary ventilation
movement of air in lungs depends on pressure gradient
inspiration
flow of air into lungs
expiration
air leaving lungs
passive process
diaphragm and rib muscles relax
definitions of lung capacity terminology
tidal volume
amount of air that enters the lungs in a single inhalation or leaves the lungs in a single exhalation of quiet breathing
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
complemental air; air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal respiration has taken place
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
supplemental air; amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal quiet respiration
residual volume (RV)
air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation
vital capacity (VC)
total volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation; equal to the sum of TV, IRV, and ERV
total lung capacity (TLC)
volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation
Differences between right and left lungs
left lung
number of fissures
one,superior
number of lobes
two, superior and inferior
right lung
number of fissures
two,horizontal and oblique
number of lobes
three
superior,middle,inferior
left primary bronchi
longer,and more horizontal
right primary bronchi
shorter,wider and more vertical
diseases of the respiratory system
asthma
A chronic (long-lasting) inflammatory disease of the airways that causes the airways to spasm and swells periodically so that the airways narrow.
bronchitis
Acute or chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the bronchi; worsens after a cold or the flu
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Several obstructive diseases of the lungs; chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, asthma, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, pneumoconiosis.
lung cancer
Cancerous condition caused by repeated carcinogenic irritation to bronchial epithelium, leading to increased rates of cell division.
Major functions of the respiratory system
gas exchanges between blood and external environmnet
passageways to lungs purify,warm,and humidify the incoming air
rest lined with respiratory mucosa.
moistens air
traps incoming foreign particles
lateral walls have conchge
increases air turbulence within the nasal cavity
organs of the respiratory tract & location
upper respiratory tract (URT)
nose
the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract
nasal cavity
sinuses
pharynx
throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx
lower respiratory tract (CRT)
larynx
voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords
trachea
The windpipe; a passage through which air moves in the respiratory system
bronchial tree
The passages that branch from the trachea and direct air into the lungs
lungs
the central organ of the respiratory system in which oxygen from the air is exchanged with carbon dioxide from the blood