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Civil rights movements download-8 ((Responses from the government, Rumford…

- - - - Jim Crow
        
        create segregation
      - Reverses efforts of reconstruction
    - - Plessy vs Ferguson
        
        landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896.
      - upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities
      - as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal"
- - - - Sit-Ins
      - College students sat at segregated lunch counters in north carolina, asked to be served.
      - Birmingham Campaign
      - 1960s- Birmingham was one of the most segregated cities
      - Virtually no public facility allowed blacks and whites to mix
      - Began with Boycott
      - Hundreds of young people marched and participated in sit ins
      - Hundreds arrested including MLK
      - Responses to Birmingham campaign
    - - Freedom Rides
      - Goal: desegregate bus stations and restaurants send a message
      - Black and white southerners and northerners rode busses from the north to the south
      - This was illegal in many places in the south
      - Chaney, Goodman, Schwerner
      - Activists who were murdered
      - Known as the Freedom Summer murders
      - Bloody Sunday
      - Violent protest
      - Gained attention from public
      - Black Panther Party
      - Founded in Oakland in 1966: militant black nationalists calling for political
      - Founders Huey newton and Bobby Seale
      - Ten point platform: explained the beliefs and goals of the party
      - Targeted by the FBI
      - Remembered as hyper-militant and violent
      - Taking pride in African culture
      - Afros
      - Kwanza
      - Museums
      - Art