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The Respiratory System, Lourdes Llamas, Period 1 (Disorders of the…
The Respiratory System, Lourdes Llamas, Period 1
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Breathing mechanisms
Breathing or pulmonary ventilation consists of two phases: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the period when air flows into the lungs. It occurs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, increasing the dimensions of the thorax. As the intrapulmonary pressure drops, air rushes into the lungs until the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressures equalize. Expiration is the period when gases exit the lungs. It is largely passive, occuring as the inspiratory muscles relax and the lungs recoil. When intrapulmonary pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure, gases flow from the lungs.