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Ch 8 Peer Groups (8-1 Peer group as a socializing agent (peer group is a…
Ch 8 Peer Groups
8-1 Peer group as a socializing agent
peer group is a microsystem w/ roles, relationships & activities
usually same age, gender, & social status w/ shared interests
satisfy certain belonging needs
often preferred socializing agents
Influence social, cognitive, & psychological development
6- 12-/3y more & more dependent in recognition & approval of peers rather than adults p 284
Future oriented & moral issues dominated by parental values, whereas Present oriented & appearance is dominated by peer values
8-8 Stages of friendship
momentary playmateship: 0-4y--unable to consider others' points of view, friends are defined by proximity
one-way assistance: 4-9--friendhship based on whether other person does what you want
two-way, fair-weather, cooperation: 6-12y--involves give & take, friendship is mutually serving individual interests, based on getting along & sharing ideas, & feelings
intimate, mutually shared relationship; 9-15--friendship is an entity in itself
autonomous, interdependent friendships: 12+--
8-4 Affects on Cognitive development
Social Cognition: conceptions & reasoning about people, self, relations between people, social groups' roles & rules, and relations of these concepts to social behavior--and increase w/ age and maturity p 289
3 stages: 1. Preoperational Stage (2-7); 2. Concrete Operational Stage (7-11); 3. Formal Operational Stage (11+)
reasons for conformity:1. they can project how others will react & evaluate assumptions; 2. entering the 'identity vs identity confusion' stage--they are trying out roles
Generational cohorts:
Silent Generation (1922-1943) Traditionalists p 292
Baby boomers (1946 - 1964) or 1943-1960
Generation X (1965- 1980) or 1960 - 1980
Millennial Generation ( 1980- 2000) or 1981-1991: Generation Y, Nexters, Generation Next,--30% of population today
8-5 Socializing methods used
Reinforcement
Modeling
Punishment
Apprenticeship
8-6 4 Macrosystem influences
8-6a Getting along w/ others
8-6b Developing Morals & values--types of morality
Peer group helps in the process of developing morals--learning by doing; parents help influence the level of moral development-learning by reasoning
8-6c Learning Appropriate Roles p299
8-6d Achieveing Personal Independence & Identity p 301
8-9 Peer acceptance/neglect/rejection & sociotherapy
Method of measure: Sociometry--asks kids to list who they like and don't like. Method 2 is Preceived Popularity--kids are asked to identify popular kids and rate own popularity
Popular kids: willing to cooperate, interact positively, healthy, vigorous, capable of initiative, well poised, adaptable, conforming, dependable, affectionate, and considerate p310
Antisocial behavior most consistent correlate is of peer rejection--table of qualities p311
Sociotherapy: intervention to help kids w/ making & keeping friends--chart of methods p313
8-13 Affects of Mesosystem adult-child interaction
adult structured peer groups--sports, clubs, scouts--
adult mediated group interaction
adult leadership style affects peer group interactions
8-2 Affects on Psychological developments
peer group serves as a barometer predicting future adjustment problems
develop competencies thru interactions & experiences
learn Compliance as they compete for status and deal w/ group norms
learn creation of group norms
learn followership &leadership at appropriate times in group
8-3 Affects on Social development
social competence: includes 1. behavior informed by understanding others' feelings & intentions; 2. ability to respond appropriately; and 3. knowledge of consequences of actions
competence & conformity depend on 3 things:
Age: middle childhood are most susceptible to influence of peers
Situation: more apparent in ambiguous situation where children are unsure what to do
Can respond w/ Prosocial behaviors: ie--whether they would help a classmate instead of doing what they wanted
can respond w/ Neutral behaviors: whether they would go to a movie w/ friends even if not interested in the movie
can respond w/ Antisocial behaviors: whether they would steal candy if a peer wanted help doing it
Prosocial conformity peaks in 6th grade: Antisocial conformity peaks in 9th grade
Persona Values: more likely to conform if they don't feel bad about situations
8-10 Group dynamics affects roles & relationships in group
Clique inclusion & exclusion
Bullies & victims--qualities p 316
8-7 Chronosystem influences
Significance of 'Play' Development (5 different levels p 303) (different types of activities 4 categories)
8-11 Antisocial behavior reasons
Gangs
8-12 Prosocial behavior engenderment
Collaboration, Tutoring & Counseling by peers
Adding Up the Assests-by Steven Dennis: types of assets--1. Support, 2. Commitment to learning, Empowerment, Positive Values, Boundaries & Expectations, Social Competencies, Constructive use of Time, Positive Identity
Cypher in the Snow: Look for unfamiliar faces, veiled eyes in an alien world, & make sure no one feels like a zero--
A Class Divided--Jane Elliot teaching bigotry and racism, made documentary called 'The Eye of the Storm'. Discriminate against brown-eyed people or blue-eyed people.