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The Cardiovascular System (Blood flow order (lungs, Four pulmonary veins,…
The Cardiovascular System
Major functions
Pumps blood that carries gases( Carbon dioxide and Oxygen)
Pumps blood that carries hormones( Endocrine)
Pumps blood nutrients and wastes throughout the body
Distributes heat
Anatomy of the heart
Chambers
Two ventricles
Two atria
Valves
Tricuspid valve
Aortic Valve
Mitral valve
Pulmonary valve
Layers of the heart
Myocardium
Muscular middle layer wall of the heart
Endocardium
Inner layer of the heart
Epicardium
Outer protective layer of the heart
Blood flow order
lungs
Four pulmonary veins
Pulmonary trunk
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Aorta
Superior vena cava, Inferior vena cava, Coronary sinus
Major Arteries and veins
Arteries
Renal artery
Pulmonary artery
Superior mesenteric artery
Arch of foot artery
internal iliac artery
Dorsalis pedis artery
Femoral artery
Anterior tibial artery
Brachial artery
Axillary artery
subclavian artery
Common carotid artery
Veins
Pulmonary vein
Subclavian vein
External jugular vein
Axillary vein
Internal jugular vein
Cephalic vein
Superior mesenteric vein
Basilic vein
Renal vein
Femoral vein
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types
Veins
Have thinner walls than arteries
Have less pressure than in the arteries
Can hold more blood than arteries
Arteries
More rigid than the veins
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
ECG
QRS complex
Results from ventricular depolarization and precedes ventricular contraction
T wave
Caused by ventricular repolarization
P wave
Results from movement of the depolarization wave from the SA node through the atria
Cardiac cycle
Isovolumetric contraction
Ventricular ejection
Ventricular filling: mid-to-late diastole
Isovolumetric relaxation: early diastole
Disorders
Congestive heart failure
A chronic condition in which the heart doesn't pump blood as well as it should
Arrhythmia
Improper beating of the heart
Coronary artery disease
Damage or disease in the heart's major blood vessels
Peripheral artery disease
A circulatory condition in which narrowed blood vessels reduce blood flow to the limbs