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Plants (plant types (angiosperms (have flowers--> reproduction,…
Plants
plant types
mosses (aka bryophytes)
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mycorrhiza
a fungus which grows in association with the roots of a plant in a symbiotic or mildly pathogenic relationship.
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fertilizations
double fertilization
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pollen grain lands on the stigma, the tube cell elongates forming the pollen tube, through the style with the tube nucleus leading. once reached the ovum, one sperm fusses with the haploid gamete making the zygote. the other sperm fusses with the diploid central nuclei, forming 3n, which then turns into the endosperm
pollinations
pollen grains in the anther contain pollen sac: these sac contain microsporophytes. these then undergo meiosis to make microspores. these then undergo mitosis to make pollen grains (microgametophytes): in these pollen grains are tube cells, and the generative sperm cell
the ovule containing the megasporophyte mother cells undergoes meiosis making 4 haploid megaspores: only one of these survives and it then undergoes mitosis making 8 haploid nuclei that are enclosed in a 7-cells embryo
assexual reproduction
advantages> quich turn over, less energy (due to not needing to attract pollinators) =more offspring. well adapted to area
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Apomixis: development of diploid embryo, seeds made asexually dandlions
vegetative reproduction
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rhizomes: horizontal stems, invading ares near parent plant: weeds
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sexual reproduction
advantages> genetic variation, promotes evolution
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Disadvantages> dependent on pollinators, more energy, less offspring, gene pool is changed SOOOOOO you can lose the good genes too
self-pollination
only in plants that are either hermaphroditic or plants with different flowers BUT ON THE SAME PANT!!!!
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Tissue
dermal
primarily epidermis, is one cell layer thick in most plants, and it forms an outer protective covering for the plan
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cells: guard cells, trichomes, root hairs
trichomes: the EPIDERMIS has hair like projections called Trichomes: prevent evaporation by covering the stoma, protect leaves from high intensity light,
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ground
cells function in storage, photosynthesis, and secretion, in addition to forming fibers that support and protect plants
parenchyma--> food storage, regulate ion and water, and waste product
collenchyma--> live cells that vary in thickness: provide structural support especially in areas of new growth
Sclerenchyma: THICK cells (dead once maturity is reached ) made up of cellulous and lignin. Cells are fibers and sclereids
vascular
conducts fluids and dissolved substances throughout the plant body. Each of these tissues and their many functions are described in more detail in later sections.
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phloem (active)
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TransLOCATION
of plant hormones, SUGARS, Amino and organic acids, proteins, and ions
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