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Plants (plant types (angiosperms (have flowers--> reproduction, double…

- - - - a fungus which grows in association with the roots of a plant in a symbiotic or mildly pathogenic relationship.
- - - - pistol, stamen, steeple, pedal
- - - - runners or stolon: potatos
      - rhizomes: horizontal stems, invading ares near parent plant: weeds
      - suckera: roots are reproductive: rasberries
  - - - only in plants that are either hermaphroditic or plants with different flowers BUT ON THE SAME PANT!!!!
        
        monoecious
      - this IS SEXUAL repoduction
      - meiosis happens allowing recombination=some genetic variation
    - - sexual reproduction
      - critically important to promote genetic diversity and evolution
      - to promote this= monoecious and dioecious
- - - - the EPIDERMIS has hair like projections called Trichomes: prevent evaporation by covering the stoma, protect leaves from high intensity light,
    - - trichomes: the EPIDERMIS has hair like projections called Trichomes: prevent evaporation by covering the stoma, protect leaves from high intensity light,
      - root hairs increase SA and efficiency of absorption
      - guard cells make up the stomata (which is the hole)
        
        when g cells are turgor=open
  - - - water goes into root hairs via osmosis, dude to the pulling of water created by transpiration of H2O through the stomata
        
        therefore transport is one way
      - Driving force
        
        transpiration through the stomata via evaporation
        
        cohesion of water molecules to each other
        
        adhesion of water molecules to the xylem
        
        tension caused by transpiration
      - what it transports?
        
        H2O and dissolved minerals
      - pressure potentialis negative "pull"
      - stomata opening effectors
        
        closes with too much CO2
        
        opens for blue light
        
        closes when too hot, to retain water loss
      - types of cells are: dead tracheids and vessels elements
    - - from the source(making the sugars) to the sink(where ever they need to go )
      - TransLOCATION
        
        of plant hormones, SUGARS, Amino and organic acids, proteins, and ions
      - up and down
      - Passive transport from source to sink
      - active transport from mesophyll cells to phloem
        
        the DRIVING FORCE
      - symplastic transport from meso. > companion cell > sieve tube member
        
        through membrane and cytoplasm
      - apoplastic transport : carbs to sieve tube via a H+ and succors symporter
        
        with in cell membrain
      - Pressure potential is Positive "push"
      - LIVING CELLS (only dead ones are the fibers )
        
        fibers, parenchyma, companion, and sieve tube cells
      - companion cells have hella ribosomes and mitochondria
- - - - In vascular plants, the growing point at the tip of the root or stem.
      - located at the root and shoots tips
      - up and down growth
      - root cap--> protects the root ap. merst.
      - leaf primordial protects the shoot a.m.
      - important bc they give rise to the three Primary tissue types
        
        Protoderm
        
        forms epidermis
        
        Procambium
        
        produces primary vascular tissures (xylem=h2o transplant, phloem=nutrient transport )
        
        ground meristem
        
        differentiates further into ground tissue
        
        gives ride to the plant body except the epidermis and vascular tissue
        
        some plants have Intercalary meristem
        
        arise instem internodes(spaces btwn leaf attachments) adding to the internode lengths
        
        corn
      - primary plant body--> the up and down growth
    - - In vascular plants, the meristems that give rise to secondary tissue; the vascular cambium and cork cambium.
      - grows to the width