Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The Cardiovasulcar System Evelin Morales Period 5 (Anatomy of the…
The Cardiovasulcar System
Evelin Morales
Period 5
Major Functions of the cardiovascular system
this system has three main functions: Transport of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the body and removal of metabolic wastes (carbon dioxide, nitrogenous waste.
the cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
The Heart
cardiac muscle tissue
highly interconnected cells
four chambers
Blood Vessels:
Arteries- arterioles move away from the heart
a network of tubes
Capillaries- where gas exchange take place
circular smooth muscle
elastic fibers
skeletal muscles contract to force blood back from legs
Veins- Venules moves towards the heart
serves the Respiratory System
one cell thick
one way tubes
The Blood
Erythrocytes- red blood cells
Leukocytes- White Blood Cells
Thrombocytes- Platelets
Plasma- liquid portion of the blood
Anatomy of the heart
Location- sits on top of the Diaphragm in the Thoracic cavity between the lungs.
Apex- points toward the left hip.
Size- about the size of a closed fist, weights about 1 pound.
4 Chamber- Right atrium, Right ventricle, Left atrium, Left ventricle.
2 Atria (L and R)- thin walled collecting chambers.
Base- slants toward the right shoulder.
2 Ventricles (L and R)- thick, muscular pumping chambers .
L and R side separated by interatrial or interventricular septum
4 Valves of the heart
Atrioventricular (AV) Valves: after atria.
Semilunar valves: after ventricles.
Left= bicuspid or mitral.
Right= tricuspid .
cause blood to flow in one direction only.
Pulmonary= comes before lungs.
Aortic= comes before aorta.
Layers of the Heart
Epicardium- Thin layer of C.T.
Myocardium: Cardiac muscle, the layer that contracts.
There are 3 Layers:
Endocardium: simple squamous epithelium, continuous with blood vessels.
Blood flow through the heart and body
eliminates carbon dioxide and oxygenates blood (lung pathway).
the left atrium and ventricle send blood to the body or system= systemic circulation.
the right atrium and ventricle send blood to the lungs= pulmonary circulation.
delivers blood to all body cells and carries away waste
heart acts as two separate pumps and circuits:
Pulmonary Circulation- eliminates carbon dioxide and oxygenates blood (lung pathway).
Systemic Circulation- delivers blood to all body cells and carries away waste.
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
T wave- associated with repolarization of the ventricles.
the normal ECG has three deflections or waves called the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T wave.
the visible tracing of these electrical signals is called an electrocardiogram, or ECG.
QRS complex- associated with depolarization of the ventricles.
P wave- associated with depolarization of the atria.
Disorders of the Cardiovascular system
collectively call Coronary artery disease.
general term combined effects of arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis and related conditions.
Structural and functional differences between blood vessels type
Blood Vessels
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venues, and veins.
form a closed circuit that carries blood away from the heart, to the cells, and back to the heart again.
Vascular (Circulatory System)
Arteries- usually carries blood away from heart.
take blood to tissues and back.
adapted for carrying high-pressure blood.
strong, elastic.
arteries become smaller as they divide give rise to arterioles.
Arterioles "small arteries".
walls of arterioles get thinner as they approach the capillaries.
found between arteries and capillaries.
Arteries
blood pumped by force of heart.
thickest layer; carry high pressure blood.
Veins
use "milking" action of muscles to help move blood.
Lumens (space inside of blood vessels) of veins are larger.
Capillaries
gas ( and nutrient and waste) exchange between blood and tissue.
only one cell thick.
Vascular shunt- directly connects an arteriole to a venule.
True capillaries- gas exchange by diffusion (high to low concentration).
Capillary beds (interweaving network of capillaries) consist of two types of vessels.