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Europe Plunges into War (A Bloody Stalemate (Sir Edward Grey's…

- - - - Germany and Austria Hungary were known as the central powers. Later Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire would join the central powers
        
        What country had taken over territories that Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire wanted to regain?
        Russia
        
        Central Powers
        
        Change
      - Great Britain, France, and Russia were known as the allies. Japan and Italy later joined the allies.
        
        Italy joined the Allies after accusing there former partners of unjustly starting the war
        
        Allied Powers )
      - Why did Germany declare war on France? Germany declared war on France because Russia was looking to them for help and Germany didn't want to give them the chance
      - Millions of soldiers marched happily off into battle, thinking the battle would be short
        
        Britains foreign minister, Sir Edward Grey saw what the future really would look like.
        
        He said " The lights are going out all over Europe. We shall not see them lit again in our lifetime"
- - - - Schlieffen Plan: Named after the designer General Alfred Graf von Schlieffen
        
        Schlieffen plan was used to attack and defeat France in the west and then head east to fight Russia
        
        Russia lagged behind Europe in railroad systems and the Germans thought it would take longer to supply front lines
        
        German leaders needed to win a quick victory over Fance
        
        In September German forces were in France and reached the outskirts of Paris.
        
        September 5: Allies attacked Germans in the northeast of Paris
        
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        A: When they established the Schlieffen plan they thought it would easily win them the war. They needed a quick war so overall they thought if they attacked they would be at the advantage.
        
        Q: Why did Germany attack France first?
        
        Invasion
      - ---Speed was vital to the Schlieffen plan
      - Imperialism
      - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieffen_Plan
  - - - Trench warfare: Fighting each other in trenches
        
        There were a lot of human life losses for small land gains
        
        The trenches made life miserable
        
        The space between opposing trenches: "No Mans Land"
        
        Staying put was dangerous, and when they physically attacked many would die
        
        Western front known as: "Terrain of Death"
        
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        Continuity
        
        Q: Why were land gains so small?
        
        A: They were so small because of the trench warfares going on. With everyone in trenches it was hard to gain any land.
        
        https://www.history.com/news/life-in-the-trenches-of-world-war-i
      - ---Known as Trench Warfare
      - Change
  - - - Stalemate region in northern France was known as the Western Front
      - ---Stalemate: Dead lock
      - War
- - - - At the beginning of the war , Russian forces attacked both Austria and Germany
        
        During the four day battle, The Germans crushed the Russian army
        
        More than 30,000 Russians were killed.
        
        Russia defeated Austria twice in September 1914
        
        In December of that year, Austria finally defeated Russia and pushed them out of their country
        
        Russia Struggles
        
        By 1916 Russia's effort in war was near collapse.
        
        Russia had yet to become industrialized
        
        How did Russia's industrialization affect it's war effort?
        
        The Russian army was continually short on food, guns, ammunition, clothes, blankets which made them weaker and killed them off faster than the Germans did.
        
        Germany controlled the North Sea and beyond which made it impossible for the Allies to supply Russia
        
        One thing Russia had to it's advantage was it's number of troops from the enormous population they had
        
        Russia suffered a staggering number of losses on the battlefield
        
        For more than 3 years Russia managed to tie up hundreds of thousands of German troops
        
        As a result, Germany could not use it's full fighting force in the west
        
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    - - The land along the German and Russian border was a lot bigger so troops had to stay mobile to get an advantage