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Cardiovascular system Julia Marousek P.2 (Anatomy of the heart (Papillary…
Cardiovascular system Julia Marousek P.2
Major functions of the
cardiovascular system
To transport nutrients, gases and waste products around the body
To protect the body from infection and blood loss
To help the body maintain a constant body temperature
To help maintain fluid balance within the body
Anatomy of the heart
Papillary Muscle
Semilunar Valves
Myocardium
Superior Vena Cava
Tricuspid Valve
Interventricular Septum
Inferior Vena Cava
Epicardium
Right Atrium
Endocardium
Aortic Valve
Aorta
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
Mitral Valve
Left Ventricle
Pulmonary Valve
pericardium
Pulmonary Veins
papillary muscles
chordae tendonae
trabeculae carnae
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary arteries
apex
Layers of the
heart
Epicardium
thin layer of serous membrane which helps lubricate and protect the outside of the heart
Pericardium
serous membrane that produces serous fluids to lubricate the heart
Myocardium
responsible for pumping blood
Endocardium
responsible for keeping blood from sticking to the inside of the heart
blood flow through the heart and body
pulmonary veins empty oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium. Blood flows from the left atrium into left ventricle through the open mitral valve
Blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, into the aorta and to the body
Major arteries and veins of the body
Pulmonary
Cornonary Arteries
Hepatic Vein
Carotid Artery
Great Saphenous Vein
Right Atrium
Left Ventricle
Subclavian Artery
Left Atrium
Superior Vena Cava
structural and
functional differences between blood vessel types
Arteries
carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the organs and tissues of the body
thick walled elastic fibers
Capillaries
tiny blood vessels that connect the arterial and venous sides of circulation
thin network to allow substance to diffuse into tissue
veins
carries deoxygenated blood that has picked up carbon dioxide back toward the heart and lungs
outer layer and elastic tissue
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
cardiac cycle is a sequence of events that occurs when the heart beats. Two phases:
systole- heart ventricles contract and pump blood out of the heart and to the arteries
diastole- heart ventricles are relaxed and heart fills with blood
disorders of the
cardiovascular system
thrombosis
condition where a thrombus has formed
Tachycardia
rapid heart beat
Varicose veins
presence of thickened and twisted veins
Hypertension
high blood pressure
Fibrillation
quivering of the heart chambers
Endocarditis
inflammation of the lining of the heart
Embolism
sudden obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus
Cardiac arrest
cessation of the heart beat
Bradycardia
an abnormally slow heart beat
Myocarditis
inflammation of the muscle of the heart
Arrhythmia
abnormal rhythm of the heart
Aneurysm
weakness in the wall of an artery