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Cardiovascular System Elina Shibata P1 (Blood Vessel Types (Arteries and…
Cardiovascular System Elina Shibata P1
Major Functions of the Cardiovascular System
Protection of the body by white blood cells, antibodies, and complement proteins that circulate in the blood and defend the body against foreign microbes and tubules
Clotting mechanisms are present that protect the body from blood loss after an injury
Transport of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to calls throughout the body and removal of metabolic wastes
Regulation of body temperature, fluid pH, and water content of cells
Anatomy of the Heart
4 Chambers
Left Atria
Right Ventricle
Right Atria
Left Ventricle
Valves
Pulmonary Valve
Mitral Valve
Tricuspid Valve
Aortic Valve
Layers of the Heart
Myocardium
Muscular middle layer wall of the heart
Composed of cardiac muscle fibers, enable heart contractions
Generates the power needed to pump oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the bod
Endocardium
Inner layer of the heart
Composed of smooth muscle and elastic fibers
Lines the inner heart chambers and covers heart valves
Epicardium
Outer protective layer of the heart
Composed primarily of loose connective tissue
Protects the inner heart layers and assists in the production of pericardial fluid
Blood Flow Through the Heart and Body
The heart pumps blood through a system of blood vessels called the circulatory system
Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to all of the body's tissues
Capillaries are thin blood vessels that connect the arteries and the veins
Veins are blood vessels that take blood back to the heart
Major Arteries and Veins of the Body
Arteries
Aorta
brachiocephalic artery
carotid artery
carotid artery
subclavian artery
arteries (red) carry oxygen and nutrients away from the heart to the tissues
Veins
pulmonary artery
veins (blue) take oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
inferior vena cava
pulmonary vein
Blood Vessel Types
Arteries and arterioles have thicker walls than veins and venules
Closer to the heart and receive blood that is surging at a far greater pressure
Larger arteries and veins contain small blood vessels within their walls
Arterioles, further branch into tiny capillaries
Systemic arteries provide blood rich in oxygen to the body’s tissues
Pulmonary circuit : arteries carry blood low in oxygen exclusively to the lungs for gas exchange
Cardiac Cycle and the ECG
ECG
Medical test that detects heart problems by measuring the electrical activity generated by the heart it contracts
It is recommended for people who may be at risk of heart disease from a family history, smoke, are overweight, have diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure
It may be recommended for people who are displaying symptoms such as chest pain, breathlessness, dizziness, fainting, or fast and irregular heartbeat
Cardiac Cycle
Provides the " muscle " needed to pump blood throughout the body,
Blood vessels act as pathways to transport blood to various destinations
Disorders of the Cardiovascular System
Heart Failure means that the heart can't pump as well as it should and retain salt and water, which will give you swelling and shortness of breath.
Cardiomyopathy is when a person has a heart that is abnormally big, thickened, or stiffened
Arrhythmia can produce an uneven heartbeat, or a very slow or very fast beat
Heart attacks happen when blood flow to the heart is severely reduced or cut off, due to the hardening and narrowing of the coronary arteries
Coronary artery disease (narrowing of the arteries)