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Rock Deformation (Fold terminology (DIP- direction of tilt measured from…
Rock Deformation
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Fault terminology
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NORMAL FAULT- caused by tensional stresses pulling the crust apart. The hanging wall moves down in relation to the footwall. The crust has been extended
REVERSE FAULT- caused by compressional stresses pushing slabs together. The hanging wall moves upwards and the crust is shortened
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differential stresses
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SHEAR stress- created by opposing forces that slide past each other e.g at a conservative plate boundary
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Stress/Strain diagrams
warm and wet - creates a fold1) Elastic strain
2) Ductile strain
3) Permanent flow/Plastic strain
cold and dry- creates a fault4) Elastic deformation
5) Elastic Limit
6) Brittle failure
Unconformities
E.g Thorton Force, IngletonLimestone (300ma- carboniferous)
Conglomerate
Unconformity
Greywacke (600ma- pre-Cambrian)
Differences above and below
1) significant difference in fossil types above and below
2) rocks below are more deformed than rocks above
3) the unconformity is an erosional feature
4) the rock above may contain eroded fragments of the rock below
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