Cardiovascular System, Diego Cerna,
period. 2
Anatomy of the heart
Layers of the
heart
blood flow through the heart and body
Major arteries and veins of the body
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
disorders of the
cardiovascular system
internal iliac artery
superior vena cava
great saphenous vein
abdominal aorta
femoral vein
superior mesenteric artery
renal artery
renal vein
pulmonary artery
basilic vein
cephalic vein
arch of aorta
axillary vein
subclavian vein
external jugular vein
internal jugular vein
arch of foot artery
Epicardium— outer protective layer of the heart
Myocardium—muscular middle layer wall of the heart
Endocardium—inner layer of the heart
Right side of heart
1) Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart.
left side of the heart
2) As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve.
3) When the ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atria while the ventricle contracts.
4) As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs where it is oxygenated.
2) As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your left atrium into your left ventricle through the open mitral valve.
3) When the ventricle is full, the mitral valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atrium while the ventricle contracts.
1) The pulmonary vein empties oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart.
4) As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, into the aorta and to the body.
Cardiovascular disease includes conditions that affect the structures or function of your heart, such as:
Heart failure
Heart valve disease
Congenital heart disease
Abnormal heart rhythms, or arrhythmias
Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy)
Heart attack
Pericardial disease
Coronary artery disease (narrowing of the arteries)
Aorta disease and Marfan syndrome
Vascular disease (blood vessel disease)
The Heart Valves
The Conduction System
The Circulatory System
Four valves regulate blood flow through your heart:
The tricuspid valve regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle.
The pulmonary valve controls blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to your lungs to pick up oxygen.
The mitral valve lets oxygen-rich blood from your lungs pass from the left atrium into the left ventricle.
The aortic valve opens the way for oxygen-rich blood to pass from the left ventricle into the aorta, your body’s largest artery.
Electrical impulses from your heart muscle (the myocardium) cause your heart to contract.
The heart and circulatory system make up your cardiovascular system. Your heart works as a pump that pushes blood to the organs, tissues, and cells of your body.
Cardiac cycle
ECG
Medical test that detects heart problems by measuring the electrical activity generated by the heart
It is recomended for people who may be at risk of heart disease from a family history, smoke, obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol or blood pressure.
It may be recommended for people who are displaying symptoms such as chest pain, breathlessness, dizziness, fainting or fast and irregular heartbeat.
Provides muscle needed to pump blood throughout the body, Blood vessels act as pathways to transport blood to various destinations.