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S204 Sociology Lesson 7: Mental & Psychological Health (Factors that…
S204 Sociology Lesson 7: Mental & Psychological Health
Definition:
Mental illness
Definitions differ over time & across cultures.
In contemporary Western societies, mental illness is formed via an elaborate system known as DSM-IV-TR, which describes 374 categories of illness
Mental health
Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively & is able to make contribution to his or her community. In this positive sense, mental health is the foundation for individual well-being & the effective functioning of a community.
Mentally healthy individuals are able to appropriately fulfill their societal roles, conduct relationships with other & attend to their own basic bodily & psychological needs
Perspectives of Mental illness / Health
The la view - Biomedical model - demonic possesion (Old days) - to current view of psychiatry.
Psychological view - notions of statistic & ideal; presence of ideal behaviours & distorted cognition
The legal framework - "Sane" vs "Insane"
What is Social construction of sickness?
The exploration of the interaction between the self, society & the body.
Refers to the socially created characteristics of life based on the concept that people actively construct reality of the meaning of sickness.
Notions of normality/abnormality, right/wrong, health/illness are subjective ways of looking things
Factors that impact on social construction of sickness
Social Environment
Family, close friends & work can be sources of social support - in key element in helping a person maintain health & recover from sickness
Sociocultural variables
Cultural backgrounds, age, ethnic group & socioeconomic class affect individual's view of their sickness
Cognition
Internal vs External locus of control
Personality
Does illness predispose a person to a certain type of personality?
Do certain personality variables predispose people to illness?
Labelling & Stigmatisation
Labelling Theory
Focuses on the effect that social institutions & professions (Eg:
Psychiatry
) have in labelling (defining & social constructing) behaviour & activities as deviant.
Stigmatisation
A physical or social trait, such as a disability (Physical/Psychological) or a criminal record, that results in negative social reactions such as discrimination &
social exclusion
Institutionalisation
Total Institutions
Institutions where large number of individuals lead highly regimented lives segregated from the outside world. Eg:
Mental hospitals, military & prisons
Mortification
Depersonalisation
A feeling that they are no longer considered fully human/ individuals
Of the self - the process through which ones self-image is damaged & replaced by a personality adapted to institutional life.
Deinstitutionalisation
A trend in mental health treatment whereby individuals are admitted for short periods of time rather undergoing lifetime hospitalisation