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CLIL CONTEXT (Different models that propose to teach content subjects…

- - - - Canadian immersion programmes
        
        English and French have been the target languages of French and English speaking communities respectively
        
        Reasearchers, teachers and parents agree that the immersion have been extremely successful
        
        Total French immersion
        
        All classes are in French for the first three years, English is introduced in the fourth year
        
        Partial French immersion
        
        A varying proportion of classes (usually a 50%) is taught in French
        
        Immersion children perform as well as, or better than, their English-educated peers in all aspects of English language skills (Navés, 2009)
    - - Europe and Asia
        
        Most of the programmes are designed to improve the learning of the foreign language
      - European's Comission 2005
        
        Proposes “to use it [a foreign language] for a purpose, so that the language becomes a tool rather than an end in itself.”
      - Research projects
        
        CLIL in Europe by David Marsh
        
        Eurydice Report 2012
        
        Variety of names
        
        CLIL often part of school provision but not on a broad scale
        
        Predominance of English
        
        No preference for any subjects
        
        The need for teacher training more focused on CLIL.
        
        Evaluation far from general practice but encouraging nonetheless.
    - - USA universities
        
        They are used to help students cope with the demands of academic objectives
    - - The USA
        
        As they have a multicultural population, in academic contexts the main concern have been to guarantee that all aschool children can function in English
        
        When properly implemented research has shown they are at least as efficient as non-bilingual programmes
        
        Cummins, Krashen and Swain & Lapkin
        
        BE, when well implemented, is the most effective way to enable speakers of languages other than English to learn both English and academic subjects
        
        IDRA
        
        Identified 25 characteristics and criteria that were responsible for BE success
    - - Used for instruction and communication
      - understood the same as the content, as part of the same process of learning
      - Used as a vehicle
      - part of the development of the cognitive flexibility and reflection