Cardiovascular System Kyle Dizon P.2

Major functions of the cardiovascular system

Anatomy of the Heart

Layers of the Heart

Blow flow through the heart and the body

Major arteries and veins of the body

Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types

Cardiac Cycle and ECG

Disorders of the cardiovascular system

Myocardium

Endocardium

Epicardium

The most superficial layer in which it is a visceral layer f serious pericardium. Often contains fat.

The middle layer that contains cardiac muscle and develops the bulk of the heart. It is the layer that contracts.

The third layer which it is a shiny white sheet epithelium that is against a connective tissue layer.

Chambers

Valves

Right atrium

Left ventricle

Left atrium

Right ventricle

Bicuspid valve

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Tricuspid valve

Aortic semilunar valve

Contains three flaps that is made of connective tissues.

Two flaps which go down to the ventricle.

Made of three cusps that allow blow to flow in one direction which is found in the opening of pulmonary trunk exiting to right ventricle

Opening at ascending aorta leaving the left ventricle

Upper chamber that has auricle to increase volume of atrium.

Upper chamber that has auricle and musculi which are muscle bundles.

Lower chamber

Lower chamber

  1. Lungs
  1. Four pulmonary veins
  1. Pulmonary Trunk
  1. Left atrium
  1. Right ventricle
  1. Left ventricle
  1. Right atrium
  1. Aorta
  1. Body

Deoxygenated blood flows in the right part of the heart while the oxygenated blood flows in the left part of the body. The left side of the heart is much larger and carries oxygenated blood because it is the side of the heart that pumps blood throughout the whole body.

Arrhythmias

Fibrillation

Tachycardia

Angina pectoris

Bradycardia

A heart rate that becomes lower than the normal (60 beats / min).

An extremely fast heart rate which can cause elevation of stress and body temp and etc.

Myocardial infraction

Coronary blockage that often leads to heart attack.

Pain of thoracic caused by the blood delivery issues to myocardium.

Irregular heart rhythms.

A condition of out of sync rapid heart rhythm due to the SA Node.

Transportation of many different hormones and nutrients and blood in the body.

The disposing of wastes.

Deliver nutrients and oxygen throughout the body.

Cardiac Cycle

ECG

In the mid-to-late diastole, the ventricles fill while the atria are in diastole. The heart also experiences isovolumetric contraction which the contraction of ventricles begin to contract while the atria begin to relax. It then experiences the ventricular ejection which the blood rushes to the aorta/pulmonary trunk from the ventricle. The last phase of early diastole is when the ventricles begin to relax.

Artery

Vein

A wall made of three hollow cores of lumen that is narrow which is thick and strong that carry blood away in high pressure due to the need of pressure to bring blood in the body. This helps it prevent to have a back flow.

Wide wall of lumen that is tiny in which it returns blood back to the heart at a very low pressure. It fits the function because all the pressure is gone. Due to this, there is no need for a thick wall.

Artery

Veins

Common hepatic artery

Descending aorta

Right brachial artery

Right common iliac artery

Ascending aorta

Right femoral artery

Right axillary artery

Right popliteal artery

Brachiocephalic artery

Right posterior tibial artery

Right subclavian artery

Right anterior tibial artery

Right vertebral artery

Right peroneal artery

Right external carotid artery

Right dorsalis pedis artery

Right internal carotid artery

Left gastric artery

Aortic arch

Splenic artery

Left subclavian artery

Left renal artery

Right and left common carotid arteries

Left internal iliac artery

Left ulnar artery

Left radial artery

Right external vein

Right femoral vein

Right internal iliac vein

Right great saphenous vein

Right common iliac vein

Right popliteal vein

Inferior vena cava

Right anterior tibial vein

Right hepatic vein

Right peroneal vein

Right axillary vein

Right dorsalis venous arch

Superior vena cava

Splenic vein

Right subclavian vein

Left renal vein

Right internal jugular vein

Left ulnar vein

Right external jugular vein

Left brachial vein

Left cephalic vein

Right and left brachiocephalic vein

Left radial vein

QRS Complex

T - wave

P - wave

Associated with the depolarization of the atria

Associated with depolarization of the ventricles

Associated with repolarization of ventricles