Cardiovascular System Kyle Dizon P.2
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
Anatomy of the Heart
Layers of the Heart
Blow flow through the heart and the body
Major arteries and veins of the body
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types
Cardiac Cycle and ECG
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Myocardium
Endocardium
Epicardium
The most superficial layer in which it is a visceral layer f serious pericardium. Often contains fat.
The middle layer that contains cardiac muscle and develops the bulk of the heart. It is the layer that contracts.
The third layer which it is a shiny white sheet epithelium that is against a connective tissue layer.
Chambers
Valves
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Bicuspid valve
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Tricuspid valve
Aortic semilunar valve
Contains three flaps that is made of connective tissues.
Two flaps which go down to the ventricle.
Made of three cusps that allow blow to flow in one direction which is found in the opening of pulmonary trunk exiting to right ventricle
Opening at ascending aorta leaving the left ventricle
Upper chamber that has auricle to increase volume of atrium.
Upper chamber that has auricle and musculi which are muscle bundles.
Lower chamber
Lower chamber
- Lungs
- Four pulmonary veins
- Pulmonary Trunk
- Left atrium
- Right ventricle
- Left ventricle
- Right atrium
- Aorta
- Body
Deoxygenated blood flows in the right part of the heart while the oxygenated blood flows in the left part of the body. The left side of the heart is much larger and carries oxygenated blood because it is the side of the heart that pumps blood throughout the whole body.
Arrhythmias
Fibrillation
Tachycardia
Angina pectoris
Bradycardia
A heart rate that becomes lower than the normal (60 beats / min).
An extremely fast heart rate which can cause elevation of stress and body temp and etc.
Myocardial infraction
Coronary blockage that often leads to heart attack.
Pain of thoracic caused by the blood delivery issues to myocardium.
Irregular heart rhythms.
A condition of out of sync rapid heart rhythm due to the SA Node.
Transportation of many different hormones and nutrients and blood in the body.
The disposing of wastes.
Deliver nutrients and oxygen throughout the body.
Cardiac Cycle
ECG
In the mid-to-late diastole, the ventricles fill while the atria are in diastole. The heart also experiences isovolumetric contraction which the contraction of ventricles begin to contract while the atria begin to relax. It then experiences the ventricular ejection which the blood rushes to the aorta/pulmonary trunk from the ventricle. The last phase of early diastole is when the ventricles begin to relax.
Artery
Vein
A wall made of three hollow cores of lumen that is narrow which is thick and strong that carry blood away in high pressure due to the need of pressure to bring blood in the body. This helps it prevent to have a back flow.
Wide wall of lumen that is tiny in which it returns blood back to the heart at a very low pressure. It fits the function because all the pressure is gone. Due to this, there is no need for a thick wall.
Artery
Veins
Common hepatic artery
Descending aorta
Right brachial artery
Right common iliac artery
Ascending aorta
Right femoral artery
Right axillary artery
Right popliteal artery
Brachiocephalic artery
Right posterior tibial artery
Right subclavian artery
Right anterior tibial artery
Right vertebral artery
Right peroneal artery
Right external carotid artery
Right dorsalis pedis artery
Right internal carotid artery
Left gastric artery
Aortic arch
Splenic artery
Left subclavian artery
Left renal artery
Right and left common carotid arteries
Left internal iliac artery
Left ulnar artery
Left radial artery
Right external vein
Right femoral vein
Right internal iliac vein
Right great saphenous vein
Right common iliac vein
Right popliteal vein
Inferior vena cava
Right anterior tibial vein
Right hepatic vein
Right peroneal vein
Right axillary vein
Right dorsalis venous arch
Superior vena cava
Splenic vein
Right subclavian vein
Left renal vein
Right internal jugular vein
Left ulnar vein
Right external jugular vein
Left brachial vein
Left cephalic vein
Right and left brachiocephalic vein
Left radial vein
QRS Complex
T - wave
P - wave
Associated with the depolarization of the atria
Associated with depolarization of the ventricles
Associated with repolarization of ventricles