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Cardiovascular System: A closed system of the heart and blood vessels…
Cardiovascular System
: A closed system of the heart and blood vessels
Major Functions of the Cardiovascular System
Deliver oxygen and nutrients& to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products
Heart pumps blood
Blood vessels circulate blood to all parts of the body
Anatomy of the heart
Heart Chambers
Atria: receiving chambers
Left atrium- receives blood from lung
Right atrium- receive blood from the rest of body
Ventricles: discharging chambers
Right ventricle- discharges blood to lungs
Left ventricle- discharges blood to the rest of body
Heart Valves
Atrioventricular valves: between atria and ventricles
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Tricuspid valve
Semi-lunar valves: between ventricle and artery
Pulmonary semi-lunar valve- between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Aortic semi-lunar valve- between left ventricle and aorta
Layers of the Heart
Coverings
Pericardium: double serous membrane
Visceral pericardium (epicardium): next to heart
Parietal pericardium: outside layer
Pericardial cavity: created by two layers of pericardium; filled with fluid
Wall
Epicardium: Outer connective tissue layer
Myocardium: Middle, thick muscle layer
Endocardium (Endothelium): inner lining
Blood Flow through the heart and body
BODY
Superior/ Inferior Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary trunk/ artery
LUNG
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Mitral/ Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Aorta
BODY
Major Veins and Arteries of the Body
Arteries of the Body
Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Thoracic aorta
Abdominal aorta
Brachiocephalic trunk
Common carotid artery
Subclavian artery
Axillary artery
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
Common iliac artery
Femoral artery
Anterior tibial artery
Fibular artery
Veins of the Body
Cephalic vein
Basilic vein
Radial vein
Ulnar vein
Brachial vein
Axillary vein
Subclavian vein
Brachiocephalic vein
Superior vena cava
Vertebral vein
Internal jugular vein
External jugular vein
Femoral vein
Great saphenous vein
Small saphenous vein
External iliac vein
Internal iliac vein
Common iliac vein
Inferior vena cava
Renal veins
Gonadal vein
Structural and Functional Differences Between Blood Vessels
Arteries
Thickest layer( large tunica media); small lumen (space inside the blood vessel)
Carry high blood pressure
Blood moved by pumping action of the heart
Veins
Thinner tunica media; larger lumen
Carry low pressure blood
Blood moved "milking" action of muscles to help move blood
Contain many mini valves to prevent backflow
Intrinsic factors
Elements of Intrinsic Conduction Sytem
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Atrioventricular (AV) node
AV Bundle
Bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
Ventricular wall
Internal control of heart rate
Heart muscle cells contract, without nerve impulses, in a regular, continuous way
Cardiac cycle
Events of one complete heart beat
Mid-to-late diastole: blood flows into ventricles
Ventricular systole: blood pressure builds before ventricle contracts, pushing out blood
Early diastole: atria finish re-filling, ventricular pressure is low
Cardiovascular Disorders
Pericarditis - inflammation of pericardium
Angina pectoris - crushing chest pain from lack of blood to heart muscle
Myocardial infarction (Heart attack) - heart muscle cells die due to lack of blood to heart muscles (myocardium)
Murmur - abnormal or irregular heart sounds; can be caused by valve stenosis
Valve stenosis - defect in valves failing to open which makes heart pump harder
Fibrillation - rapid uncoordinated shuddering of heart muscle which prevents heart from acting as a pump
Varicose veins - swollen and twisted veins caused by when valves in veins do not work and cause back flow or pooling of blood