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The Cardiovascular System (Disorders of Cardiovascular System (Murmur-…
The Cardiovascular System
Major Function
To deliver oxygen and nutrients & remove carbon dioxide and other waste products
Anatomy of Heart
Chambers
Atria
Left Atrium- receives blood from lungs
Right Atrium- receives blood from the rest of body
Ventricles
Left ventricle- discharges blood to the rest of the body
Right Ventricle- discharges blood to lungs
Valves
Tricuspid- comes from right atrium to right ventricle
Bicuspid- comes from left atrium into left ventricle
Pulmonary- between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Aortic- between left ventricle and aorta
Layers of Heart
Myocardium- middle, thick muscle layer
Endocardium- Inner lining
Epicardium- outer connective tissue layer
Structural and Functional differences between blood vessel types
Blood Vessel Anatomy
Tunica media- middle, smooth muscle layer
Tunica externa- outermost fibrous connective tissue
Tunica intima- endothelium lining of blood vessels
Differences
Arteries- thickest layer; small lumen
Veins- thinner; larger lumen
Intrinsic factors
AV Node- at junction between atria and ventricles
Right and Left bundle branches- located at the inter ventricular septum
SA Node- "Pacemaker"
Purkinje fibers- specialized myocardial muscle fibers that conduct electric impulse
Blood Flow
-Vena Cava
-Right Atrium
-Tricuspid Valve
-Right Ventricle
-Pulmonary Valve
-Pulmonary Trunk
-Pulmonary Arteries
-Pulmonary Veins
-Left Atrium
-Mitral Valve
-Left Ventricle
-Aorta
-Aortic Valve
Major Arteries and Veins
Coronary Arteries- supplies blood to the heart
cardiac Veins- carries blood away from heart
Pulmonary Veins- (Four) enter left atrium from lungs
Vena Cava- enters right atrium from upper and lower parts of body
Pulmonary Trunk- leaves right ventricle to lungs branch into pulmonary arteries
Aorta- leaves left ventricle to rest of body
Cardiac Cycle And ECG
Mid-to-late Diastole- when blood flows into ventricles
Ventricular Systole- blood pressure builds before ventricle contracts pushing out blood
Early Diastole- Atria finished re-filling; Ventricular pressure is low
Disorders of Cardiovascular System
Murmur- Abnormal or irregular heart sounds caused by valve stenosis
Valve Stenosis- Defect in valves failure to open which makes heart pump harder
Myocardial Infarction- heart muscle cell dies due to lack of blood to heart muscles
Fibrillation- Rapid uncoordinated shuddering of heart muscle which prevents heart from acting as a pump
Angina Pectoris- Crushing chest pain from lack of blood to heart muscle
Varicose Veins- Swollen and twisted veins
Pericardtis- inflammation of pericardium