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Examination of Firearms (Examination (SOP and documentation (unload,…

- - - - semiautomatics usually magazine-fed and require trigger pull for each shot; firing cycle energy aids extraction, ejection, cocking, and loading
      - magazines usually box shape, loaded into grip, and single or double stacked
      - slide pulled to rear - cocks firearm, strips cartridge from magazine and puts it into chamber, locks breech
      - 3 major actions
        
        Blowback - unlocked breech, mass of breechblock and return spring strength prevents breech from opening; usually low-pressure cartridges, but not always
        
        Recoil - locked breech; uses recoil of discharge to unlock breech; usually high-pressure cartridges; usually an internal striker or external hammer
        
        Gas-Operated - locked breech; gas moves piston backward to unlock breech and cycle firearm; usually high-pressure cartridges; usually external hammer
    - - single trigger pull: feeds cartridge, fires shot, extracts and ejects casing, and continues cycle until ammo is depleted or trigger is released
      - 2 categories
        
        full au tomato by design with switch to toggle between full or semiautomatic
        
        semiautomatic modified to fire full automatic
    - - still only single shot fired per trigger pull; manual reload after shooting
      - Trigger Systems
        
        Single-action - action - most common; trigger only discharges firearm; trigger does not cock via trigger; must manually cock hammer or slide
        
        Double-action - trigger cocks hammer and fires weapon; after first shot in double-action mode, remaining shots fired as single-action
        
        Double-action-only - cocks and fires firearm after each shot
  - - - require manual cocking for trigger release to release firing mechanism; cocking rotates cylinder to next chamber
      - ejection rod ejects fired cases; some revolvers without ejection rod require removal of cylinder to remove cases
      - Modern Single-Action Revolvers - have integrated safety; bar safety or hammer block safety
    - - Function - hammer cocked and released with trigger pull; cylinder locked by cylinder stop
      - Ejection/extraction - cylinder release device on left rear of frame; release unlocks cylinder and swings it out of firearm; ejection rod on cylinder ejects all fired cases or cartridges at once
      - transfer bar or hammer block safety
- - - - determines: magazine type, action type, caliber, telescopic sights, safety type
      - assault rifle - compact, select-fire, detachable box magazine fed, centerfire cartridge, designed primarily for military
      - assault rifle lookalikes - lack selected and only operate on semiautomatic mode unless modified
- - - - most common method; includes shaped rod and series of weights
      - for single-action, cock firearm; for double-action, do not cock
      - place trigger under top portion of rod
      - slowly lift firearm upward with rod; if weights come off rest without firearm discharging, add more weight; if firearm discharges, remove weight
      - continue until least weight required to cause discharge without weights leaving rest determined
    - - cock firearm
      - attach one end of sale to fixed object and position other end against trigger
      - slowly pull away from fixed object until firearm discharges
      - record pressure required to discharge as noted on scale
      - digital scales function in same way
  - - - confirm revolver is empty; place primed cartridge case into one cylinder; rotate chambers so it aligns with barrel when hammer is cocked; strike trigger with enough force to release hammer but not enough to move trigger all the way to rear
      - what should happen if safety is working: hammer catches at half-cock, transfer bar drops away from firing pin, hammer block disengages
      - check for safety: no marks on primer
      - 3 options if safety failed: safety is not functioning properly -> retest; test not performed properly -> retest; no safety present -> examine to see if it was present and then removed
    - - check for external safety; confirm pistol is empty; cock firearm; turn safety on; pull trigger
      - if safety working: blocks trigger from operating
      - test if safety not working: confirm pistol empty; place primed cartridge in chamber; cock firearm; turn safety on; pull trigger
    - - internal passive safety in most autoloading pistols - ensures firearm is in battery before it can be fired and that semiautomatic pistol does not fire in full automatic; disconnects trigger from firing mechanism until trigger released and reset
      - Part 1 - confirm pistol empty; cock firearm; ensure safety is off; pull trigger and hold to rear while cocking firearm and manipulating it to side; firing mechanism should not release, trigger should move forward and reset
      - Part 2 - cock, disengage external safety, pull slide to rear to take it out of battery; pull trigger; firearm should not fire
      - some autoloading pistols have magazine safety; depresses when magazine properly inserted; when magazine removed, device keeps firearm from discharging in absence of magazine
    - - check for external safety, confirm empty, cock; turn safety on; pull trigger; if safety working, trigger should be blocked
      - if not functioning properly: confirm empty, place primed cartridge in chamber, cock, turn safety on; pull trigger; if primed case detonates, safety is not working properly
    - - most have external safety
      - check for external safety; confirm empty; function action and cock; turn safety on; pull trigger; if functioning, safety should block trigger from operating
      - if safety failed: confirm empty, place primed case in chamber; function action and cock; turn safety on; pull trigger; if case detonates, safety is not operating
      - test disconnector: confirm empty; function action and cock firearm; disengage external safety; pull trigger and hold to rear while cocking; cock firearm again; disengage external safety; open action enough to remove battery; pull trigger; firearm should not fire