Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Cardiovascular System (Cardiac Cycle & the ECG (ventricular systole…

- - - - lub
        
        long first heart sound caused by closing of AV valves (closing at the same time )
        
        1st sound
      - dup
        
        short second sound caused by closing of the semilunar valves
  - - - CO=(heart rate [HR] x (stroke volume [SV]
    - - how many times the heart beats per minute (beats/minute)
    - - volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 contraction (ml/min)
  - - - heart muscle cells contract without nerve impulses, in a regular, continuous way
  - - - starlings law of heart
        
        more cardiac muscle is stretched, stronger contraction
    - - the faster the heart beat , you are going to pump out more blood
  - - - crisis or low blood pressure
    - - epinephrine and thyroxine
      - decreased blood volume
- - - - both left and right
    - - contraction (ventricular)
    - - relaxation (ventricular)
- - - - receiving chambers
      - Left Atrium
        
        receives blood from the lung
      - Right Atrium
        
        receives blood from the rest of the body
    - - discharching chambers
      - Right Ventricle
        
        discharges blood to lungs
      - Left Ventricle
        
        discharges blood to the rest of the body
    - - the wall separating the two ventricles
  - - - between the atria and the ventricles
      - Biscupid (Mitral) Valve (left)
      - Triscupid Valve (right)
    - - between ventricle and artery
      - Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
        
        between right Ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
      - Aortic Semilunar Valve
        
        between left ventricle and aorta
    - - close to prevent back flow
      - blood flow is in only one direction
- - - - heart contraction starts at the SA node
      - then shoots impulses to the left atrium
- - - - leaves the left ventricle to the rest of the body
      - Pulmonary Trunk
        
        leaves the right ventricle to the lungs and branch into pulmonary arteries
    - - enter the right atrium from the upper and lower parts of the body
    - - enter the left atrium from the lungs
  - - - endothelium (inner lining of the blood vessel)
    - - middle, smooth muscle layer; controls diameter of blood vessel (sympathetic nervous system)
    - - outermost, fibrous connective tissue
  - - - thickest layer (large tunica media) ; small lumen (space in the inside of the blood vessel)
      - carry high pressure blood
      - blood moved by pumping action of the heart
    - - thinner tunica media; larger lumen
      - contain many mini valves to prevent back flow
      - carry low pressure blood
      - blood moved "milking" action of muscles to help move blood
    - - interweaving network of capillaries
      - consists of two types of vessels
        
        vascular shunt
        
        directly connects an arteriole to a venule
        
        true capillaries
        
        gas exchange by diffusion
        
        high to low concentration
- - - - double serous membrane (produces serous fluid)
      - visceral pericardium (epicardium)
        
        next to the heart
      - parietal pericardium
        
        outside layer
    - - created by two layers of the pericardium; filled with serous fluid
  - - - outer connective tissue layer
    - - inner lining
    - - middle; thick muscle layer
- - - - flow of the blood to and from lungs to heart
    - - flow of the blood from the rest of the body to the heart
    - - flow of the blood to myocardium of the heart
      - coronary arteries
        
        supplies blood to the heart
      - cardiac veins
        
        carries blood away from the heart
      - blood empties into the right atrium via the coronary sinus