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Leaves (Morphology and Anatomy of Other Leaf Types (conifer leaves…
Leaves
Morphology and Anatomy of Other Leaf Types
sclerophyllous foliage leaves = produce more sugar
conifer leaves
epidermis and hypodermis = thick wall
perennial
thick cuticle
new phloem not new xylem)
succulent leaves
surface to volume ratio for water conservation
decreased photosynthesis
thick and fleshy
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bud scales for protection
bud scales are small
spines are modified leaves of auxiliary buds
hard dead cells = spines
tendrils = sensitive
tendrils grow indefinitely
Kranz Anatomy
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no palisade parenchyma or spongy mesophyll
prominent bundle sheaths composed of large chlorophyllous cells
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c4 photosynthetic plants
adaptation for arid climates
some leaves have adapted to trap insects
External Structure of Foliage Trees :deciduous_tree:
ventral surface (adaxial side) = upper side
petiole (stalk) = holds blade out to the light
dorsal surface (abaxial side) = lower side
leaf with petiole = petiolate
leaf blade (lamina) = flat, light harvesting portion
leaf without petiole = sessile leaf
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sheathing leaf base
simple vs. compound
compound = blade in several parts
leaflets = small blades
simple = blade of one part
leaflets-->petiolule--->rachis
compound leaves hold up against wind and water
abscission zone = cut off leaf when its useful life is over
Internal Structure of Foliage Leaves
Mesophyll
palisade parenchyma = upper surface
spongy mesophyll = lower part of leaf
ground tissue
Vascular Tissue
midvein--->lateral veins--->minor veins
bundle sheath = fibers around vascular tissue
midrib = midvein
Epidermis
transpiration = water loss through epidermis
flat, tubular cells
guard cells--->stomata
hairy
cutin
Petiole
stipules = two small flaps of tissue at base
bundle patterns
leaf traces = many vascular bundles
Initiation and Development of Leaves
Monocots
lamina growth differs
constant basal expansion
growth at apical meristem :
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differentiation is oriented upside down
Basal Angiosperms and Eudicots
taller than apical meristem = primordium
primordium grows and increases in thickness
leaf primordium = protrusion interior to protoderm
growth at apical meristem
