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S204 Sociology Lesson 3 The Role of History & Culture (Allen…
S204 Sociology Lesson 3 The Role of History & Culture
What is Sports history?
"The study of sports history encourages us to judge the past by its own standards and to understand sport in the context in which it is played. (Houlihan, 2003)
As social life changes and power shifts in any society, the meaning, purpose and organisation of games and sports activities also change.
Development of Modern Sports
The industrial and scientific revolution had brought about an increase in income and demand for leisure activities.
The development and modernisation of a sport is dependent on how society develops and the history of the sport.
Allen Guttmann's 7 Characteristics
Bureaucratization
Governance is highly organized, and officials are trained to handle specific responsibilities related to athletes, teams, events, rule enforcement, and the certification of records.
Specialization
Participation limited to a single event or position.
Excellence depends on specific skills, rather than general physical abilities
Rationalisation
Rules regulate all conditions of participation, training methods are guided by "sports science", and competitors use rationally controlled strategies during events
Quantification
Precise timing and measurements are used to document performances and achievements
Secularism
No direct link to
Beliefs
Rituals
Religious
Emphasis on personal achievement & entertainment
Not worship or the appeasement of gods
Records
Achievements are compared over time to determine personal, national and world records
Equality
Participation is open to all and competitors face the same set of competitive conditions
History of a sport
can provide insights on its future development by:
Discovering the meaning behind the rituals and practices
Knowing why the fans support the sport today.
Respecting the sport and its fans
Interpreting the fans' reasons using their perspective.