Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
DavalosSabinoCardiovascular (Anatomy of the heart (Superior and Inferior…
DavalosSabinoCardiovascular
Major functions of the
cardiovascular system
transport nutrients and waste products around the body
protect the body from infection and blood loss
help the body maintain a constant body temperature
help maintain fluid balance within the body
Anatomy of the heart
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
right atrium receives blood from the system's circuit
pulmonary trunk
Blood leaves the right ventricle enters this trunk through the pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary semilunar valve
prevents back flow into the ventricles
aortic semilunar valve
blood leaves the left ventricle and passes through and into the system's circuit and prevents back flow in the ventricle
tricuspid valve
blood leaves the right atrium flows into the right ventricle
Papillary Muscle
Small bunches of cardiac muscle made to pull the atrioventricular valves
Apex
bottom base of the heart
Bicuspid Valve
opens from an increased pressure from the left atrium as it fills with blood
Interventricular Septum
a wall between the two ventricles of the heart
Right atrium and ventricle
pump blood into the pulmonary arteries
Left atrium and ventricle
receive blood from the pulmonary veins
Posterior and Anterior vena cava
right atrium receives blood from the systemic circuit
atrioventricular valve
allows blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles
Layers of the
heart
Epicardium
superficial, layer that covers the myocardium.
Myocardium
the muscle wall of the heart; bulk of the heart
Endocardium
epithelium cover for the inner surfaces of the heart and the valves
blood flow through the heart and body
Systemic circuit
left side of the heart ; to all body tissues and back to the right heart, losses oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide
Pulmonary circuit
right side of the heart; to the lungs and back to the left heart, loses carbon dioxide and gains oxygen
Major arteries and veins of the body
Circumflex artery
wraps around the left side of the heart providing oxygenated blood to the left ventricle
right and left pulmonary veins
left atrium receives oxygenated blood
ascending Aorta
carries oxygen in blood to the parts of the body above the heart
descending Aorta
carries oxygen in blood into the thoracic and abdominal parts of the body
Brachiocephalic artery
goes into the arteries providing for the right arm and head region
right and left coronary arteries
both have two branches to supply blood to the two ventricles
left subclavian artery
provides blood to the left arm and chest
left and right pulmonary arteries
carries deoxygenated blood to the arteries
left carotid artery
provides blood to the left side of the head
right carotid artery
provides blood to the right side of the brain
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
sinoatrial
in the wall of the right atrium that depolarize spontaneously, sets heart rate
P wave
wave on ECG, atrial depolarization
QRS complex
wave on ECG, ventricle depolarization
T wave
wave on ECG, ventricle repolarization
Systole on ECG
started by the depolarization of contractile cells
Diastole on ECG
represents contractile cells relaxing
cardiac cycle
period of time from the start of one heart beat to the beginning of the next
myogenic
automatic
blood pressure
measurement of the pressure that the blood has on walls of artery
sphygmomanometer
used to measure blood pressure
radial pulse
pulse detected in radial artery
disorders of the
cardiovascular system
Aneurysm
weakness in the wall of an artery
Arrhythmia
abnormal rhythm of the heart
Arteriosclerosis
hardening of an artery
Arteritis
inflammation of an artery
Carditis
inflammation of the heart
Endocarditis
inflammation of the lining of the heart
Hypertension
high blood pressure
Myocarditis
inflammation of the muscle of the heart
Occlusion
blockage of blood vessel
Thrombus
a blood clot in a blood vessel
Varicose veins
thickened and twisted veins
structural and
functional differences between blood vessel types
arteries
thick muscle layer, carries oxygenated blood, carry blood under pressure, deep in the body, away from heart, carries blood away from the heart & toward the tissues, The ventricles pump blood into 2 of the arteries
veins
thinner smooth muscle layer, carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart, very little pressure, superficial, formed by the merger of venules, continues bloods transport toward the heart
capillaries
most numerous blood vessels, connect the arterioles and venules, tiny, thin-walled vessels that allow for exchanges between the blood and the body cells and between the blood and the air in the lung tissues, delivers nutrients and oxygen to the cells