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Cardiovascular System Samantha Mauricio Pd2 (Disorders of the…
Cardiovascular System Samantha Mauricio Pd2
Major functions of the
cardiovascular system
To protect the body from infection and blood loss
Maintain a constant body temperature
To transport nutrients, gases and waste products around the body
Maintain fluid balance within the body
Layers of the Heart
Pericardium
a type of serous membrane that produces serous fluids to lubricate the heart and prevent friction between the heart and its surrounding organs
Myocardium
the muscular layer that contains the cardiac muscle tissue. It makes up the majority of the thickness and mass of the heart. It is responsible for pumping blood
F:It is responsible for pumping blood
Epicardium
D:the outermost layer of the heart wall
a thin layer of serous membrane which helps lubricate and protect the outside of the heart
Endocardium
the simple squamous endothelium layer the lines the inside of the heart and is responsible for keeping blood from sticking to the inside of the heart
Blood Flow through the Heart and Body
The pulmonary veins empty oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium.
As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your atrium into your left ventricle through the open mitral valve.
As ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve into the aorta and to the body
Major arteries and veins of the body
Veins
Pulmonary Vein
F: The vein that carries blood from the lungs to the heart (oxygenated blood)
Great cardiac vein
F:returns deoxygenated blood (metabolic waste products) from the anterior surfaces of the left ventricle
Middle cardiac vein
F: It starts at the apex of the heart, rises in the posterior interventricular sulcus, receives tributaries from both ventricles, and ends in the right extremity of the coronary sinus.
Small cardiac vein
F: receives blood from the posterior portion of the right atrium and ventricle
Arteries
Pulmonary Artery
F: The blood vessel that carries blood from the from the right ventricle to the lungs ( deoxygenated blood)
Carotid Artery
F: Refering to the common carotid artery supplies blood to the head and face.
Interventricular artery
Anterior
F: supplies the left ventricle with blood
Posterior
D: depression on the posterior surface of the heart - marks the division of the left and right ventricles
Circumflex artery
F: branches off from the left coronary artery to supply portions of the heart with oxygenated blood
subclavian artery
F: carry oxygenated blood up to the brain from the base of the neck.
Coronary artery
Right
F: supplies the right atrium and right ventricle with blood
Left
D: branches into the circumflex artery and the left anterior descending artery.
Structural and Functional Difference between blood vessels types
Capillaries
S: Thin network to allow substance to diffuse into tissue
F: Carry food or oxygen to tissues and carry waste away
Veins
S: 1 outer layer (tunica adventitia) and elastic tissue
F: Transportation of deoxygenated blood to the heart (except pulmonary vein)
Arteries
S: Thick walled and Elastic fibers and fibrous tissue
F: Transportation of oxygenated blood away from heart (except pulmonary artery)
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
Electrocardiogram
D: Electric currents generated in and transmitted to the heart that spreads throughout the body
Cardiac Cycle: the complete sequence of events in the heart from the beginning of one beat to the beginning of the following beat
Systole Phrase: Ventricles contract and pump blood out of the heart and to the arteries
Diastole Phrase: The Heart's ventricle are relaxed and the heart fills with blood
Disorders of the Cardiovascular System
Carditis
D: Inflammation of the heart
Embolism
D: Sudden obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus
Cardiac asthma
D: Breathlessness caused by right sided failure of the heart
Endocarditis
D: Inflammation of the lining of the heart
Atrial fibrillation
D: Disorder of the heart beat, no co ordination between atria and ventricles
Arteritis
D: Inflammation of an artery
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
D: A genetic disease resulting in abnormal heart muscle
Arrhythmia
D: Abnormal rhythm of the heart
Tachycardia
D: A rapid heart beat
Aneurysm
D: A weakness in the wall of an artery
Pericarditis
D: Inflammation of the outside covering of the heart
phlebitis
D: Inflammation of a vein
Ventricular fibrillation
D: A quivering of the ventricles of the heart instead of contracting forcefully.
Anatomy of the Heart
Posterior View
Right Pulmonary artery
Right pulmonary veins
Superior vena cava
Apex
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Posterior vein of the left ventricle
Inferior vena cava
Great cardiac vein
Coronary sinus
Left atrium
Right coronary artery
Auricle of left atrium
Posterior interventricular artery
Left Pulmonary veins
Middle cardiac vein
Left Pulmonary artery
Right Ventricle
Aorta
Frontal section
Aorta
Left Pulmonary artery
Inferior vena cava
Bicuspid valve (Left AV valve)
Trabeculae carneae
Aortic valve
Chordae tendineae
Pulmonary valve
Right Ventricle
Left ventricle
Tricuspid valve (right AV valve)
Papillary muscle
Pectinate muscles
Interventricular septum
Fossa Ovalis
Epicardium
Right Pulmonary veins
Myocardium
Right atrium
Endocardium
Pulmonary trunk
Right pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava
Anterior View
Anterior cardiac vein
Right Ventricle
Right coronary artery
Right marginal artery
Right Atrium
Small cardiac vein
Right pulmonary veins
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary Trunk
Left common carotid artery
Ascending aorta
Left subclavian artery
Right Pulmonary artery
Aortic arch
Superior Vena Cava
Ligamentum arteriosum
Brachiocephalic Trunk
Left pulmonary artery
Left pulmonary veins
Auricle of the left atrium
Circumflex artery
Left coronary artery
Left Ventricle
Great cardiac vein
Anterior interventricular artery
Apex