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Hazardous environments (Tropical Storms (Parts of hurricanes (Edge of the…

- - - - Andesite magma
        
        Less fluid
        
        Travels only for a short distance before cooling down
        
        Steeper sides
        
        Small base
        
        More explosive
    - - Basaltic magma
        
        More fluid
        
        Travels further before cooling down
        
        Gentle sides
        
        Larger base
        
        Less explosive
    - - Haven't erupted in 400
    - - Erupted recently or is continuously erupting
    - - Haven't erupted in 10,000 years
    - - .
        
        Dealing with hazardous environments
        
        Acceptance approach
        
        Tourists attractions, fertile soil and mineral mining are all profitable and outweighs the risk of the hazards
        
        Adaptation approach
        
        HICs, they believe it is manageable if a hazard has struck and they can manage to withstand it or cause little damage
        
        Fatalistic approach
        
        Poor people, taking the risk. They believe the hazards are inevitable and chooses to live there hoping it would not happen
        
        Benefits of living in volcanic risk area
        
        Fertile soil for farmers
        
        Large supply of mineral mining
        
        Cheap energy due to geothermal energy
        
        Tourist attraction
  - - - Lava flow
      - Ash fall
      - Lahars
      - Lava bombs
      - Volcanic haze
      - Volcanic Smoke
      - Volcanic fissures
      - Acid rain
      - Pyroclastic flow
    - - Green house gasses
      - Airline closedown
      - Lack of air transport for goods
  - - - 1 to 8
        
        Scale 1 volcanic eruption
        
        Material release of < 10000 m^3
        
        Scale 8 volcanic eruption
        
        Material release of >1000 km^3
        
        Most explosive eruption recorded in the past 70,000 years: Oruanui eruption
- - - - 1 to 10
        
        Scale 10
        
        Catastrophic earthquake, 56 trillion kg energy release. Biggest recorded- 9.5 magnitude. 1960 Chile earthquake
        
        Scale 1
        
        Small and can't be felt by humans, 56 kg energy release
        
        Scale 4
        
        Minor earthquakes felt by humans, 56,000 kg of energy release
    - - Instrumental to catastrophic
        
        Strong
        
        Some poor built buildings damaged, glassware and dishes broken, walking is unsteady
        
        Catastrophic
        
        Total destruction: Everything you see is destroyed, objects thrown into air, the ground moves in ripples or waves
        
        Instrumental
        
        Not felt by most of the people
    - - The scale rating for the Mercalli intensity Scale may differ even with the same Moment Magnitude Scale.
  - - - The area where the energy is released
    - - The area of land right above the focus
- - - - Convection currents are the movement of molten rock in circular motion due to the temperature difference at different levels
    - - Collision boundaries
        
        Forms new land
        
        Folds mountains form
        
        Two plates of same density
      - Conservative boundaries
        
        Destroys land
        
        Earthquakes formed
        
        Frictional energy released by the plates sliding past each other
        
        Two plates of same density
      - Destructive boundaries
        
        Destroys land
        
        Volcanoes formed
        
        Two plates of different density
        
        Earthquakes
      - Constructive boundaries
        
        Forms new land
        
        Volcanoes formed
        
        Two plates of same density
- - - - 1 to 5
        
        3
        
        Wind speed 111-135 mph, storm surge 9-12 feet and extensive damage regarding buildings
        
        5
        
        Wind speed over 155 mph, storm surge greater than 18 feet and catastrophic damage: flooding, destroyed homes and vegetation destroyed
        
        1
        
        Wind speed 74-95 mph, storm surge 4-5 feet and minimal damage
  - - - The edge of the storm is the far out area of the hurricane around the circumference. The wind and rain is relatively weak compared to some other parts
    - - The area between the eye wall and the edge of the storm. Decent amount of rain and wind in this area.
    - - The most violent part of the hurricane. This is due to the winds being the fastest trying to get into the storm eye
    - - The middle section of the hurricane. It is very calm here due to little clouds here as the low pressure area gains free space from the high pressured vortex
  - - - Pipeline and phonelines destroyed
      - Looting
      - Flooded houses
      - Higher insurance
      - Many casualties due to drowning and material flying around
    - - Animal habitants destroyed
      - Population decrease
      - Many houses destroyed (windows, walls and furnitures)
- - - - Volcanoes
      - Earthquakes
      - Landslides
  - - - Droughts
      - Floodings
      - Storms
      - Landslides
      - Fire
  - - - Pests
      - Diseases
      - Accidents
  - - - Nuclear explosion
      - Radioactive leak
      - Pollutions
      - Fire
- - - - Two tectonic plates of same mass (usually continental) Crashing towards each other. Causes earthquakes and creates fold mountains.
    - - Two tectonic plates of same mass sliding past each other in the same direction at different speeds or in opposite directions.
    - - Two tectonic plates of different mass moving towards each other. The oceanic crust subducts under the continental crust
    - - Events that cause damage to life or/and properties.
    - - Two tectonic plates of same mass moving away from each other due to convection currents. Creates volcanoes and earthquakes.
    - - Probability of a hazardous event happening & the scale of damage.
    - - The damage the hazardous environment caused.
    - - A mountain that releases magma from the mantle.
    - - Shaking of the ground caused by friction of two moving tectonic plates.
    - - How the community and the world responded to the effects.