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Henry VIII (Government (Domestic polices under Cromwell (During…
Henry VIII
Government
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The Act of Succession 1534: It declared that Henry's marriage to Catherine was null and void and the succession should be vested in the children of his marriage to Anne.
The Act of Supremacy Nov. 1534: It gave legislative force to the royal supremacy and made the King the Supreme Head of the Church of England
Acts of Parliament 1533-1534: The Act in Restraint of Appeals, this gave the monarch the ability to pass imperial jurisdiction and that appeals made by Rome regarding the church in government was discounted meaning Catherine of Aragon couldn't appeal to the Pope
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Society
Commoners
It made the nobility and the king scared as it became increasingly likely a full scale rebellion could occur and outbreaks of disorder were increasing all over the country
The lives of ordinary people did not change that much during the first half of Henry's rule however due to inflation there was a drop in real incomes leading many people to feel angry towards the crown.
The Gentry
Many of the gentry wanted legal training for their children so they could advance their families position.
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A gentleman who was entitled to bear a coat of arms was consider an esquire. Such a title was certified by the royal heralds.
Knighthoods were given as a sign of royal favour and it was assumed that a knight would possess an income worth of their title
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The nobility
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Many nobles fell victim to Henry VIII's sensitivity towards criticism or treason. For example the Duke of Buckingham who was executed for treason in 1521.
There was only 1 Duke when Henry VIII took the crown but by the end of his time on the throne there were 3 or 4. The increase in the prestigious titles shows Henry was keen to keep people happy.
People were promoted to nobility by either serving the crown as a soldier or civil servant or their closeness to certain families, like Edward Seymor who ended up becoming Regent
The number of nobles during Henry VIII's time in power fluctuated over time so by the end of Henry's rule there were only 9 more nobles than when he started.
The elites had to deal with the remnants of the feudal system bu there was growth of a professional and commercial bourgeoisie. However the elites still wielded considerable political and economic influence.
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Religion
Doctrinal changes
Catholic
1543: Bible reading is restricted to the upper class males and the King's book is issued which is a revised Bishops book with more Catholicism
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Protestant
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1536: Restrictions on a number of Holy days were put into place. Pilgrimages were discouraged and the Ten articles of faith (Cromwell)
Break with Rome
1534 Act of Supremacy Henry is head of the Church and always should have been ( Treason Act denial of the Royal supremacy was punishable by death)
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In 1532 the Archbishop of Canterbury died and was replaced by Thomas Cramner who had string Lutherian interests
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