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Cardiovascular System, Elena Trinh, Period 2 (disorders (anemia (oxygen…

- - - - anterior interventricular artery supplies blood to interventricular septum & anterior walls of both ventricles
      - circumflex artery supplies left atrium & posterior walls of left ventricle
    - - right marginal artery serves myocardium of lateral right side of heart
      - posterior interventricular artery runs to heart apex & supplies posterior ventricular walls
  - - - middle cardiac vein in the posterior interventricular sulcus
      - small cardiac vein in the heart's right inferior margin
      - great cardiac vein in anterior interventricular sulcus
- - - - T wave
        
        caused by ventricular repolarization
      - P-R interval
        
        from the beginning of atrial excitement to the beginning of ventricular excitation
      - QRS complex
        
        results from ventricular depolarization & precedes ventricular contraction
      - S-T segment
        
        when the AP of ventricular myocytes are in their plateau phases
      - P wave
        
        .1s after the P-wave begins, the atria contracts
  - - - atria relax & ventricles begin contracting
    - - blood rushes from ventricles to the aorta & pulmonary trunk
    - - pressure in heart is low & blood is returning from the previous circulation
    - - after the peak of the T wave, ventricles relax
- - - - Tunica intima
        
        protective wall
  - - - Tunica intima
        
        lines lumen
      - Tunica media
        
        maintains blood flow & pressure
      - Tunica externa
        
        protects & reinforces wall
  - - - Tunica media
        
        maintains blood flow & pressure
      - Tunica externa
        
        protects & reinforces wall
      - Tunica intima
        
        lines lumen
- - - - longer vessel = greater resistance
    - - smaller diameter = greater resistance
    - - increased viscosity = increased resistance
  - - - neural controls
        
        MAP alters vessel diameter
      - hormonal controls
        
        releases more adrenaline
    - - renal regulation
        
        alters blood volume
  - - - during exercise, flow increases
    - - flow is constant
    - - supplies nutrients to cells & regulates body temperature
    - - keeps them function
    - - continuously pumps, but pumps more during exercise
- - - - bicuspid valve
      - chordae tendineae
        
        muscles attatched to each AV valve flap
      - tricuspid valve
    - - aortic & pulmonary valves guard bases of large arteries issuing from ventricles & prevent backflow
  - - - receiving chambers
      - superior vena cava
        
        returns blood from regions superior to diaphragm
      - separated by interatrial septum
      - inferior vena cava
        
        returns blood from areas below diaphragm
      - coronary sinus
        
        collects blood draining from myocardium
      - pulmonary veins
        
        enters left atrium & makes up heart base
    - - discharging chambers
      - trabeculae carneae
        
        irregular ridges of muscle
      - separated by interventricular septum
      - papillary muscle
        
        muscle bundles that project into ventricular cavity
      - left ventricle ejects blood into aorta
      - right ventricle pumps blood into pulmonary trunk
  - - - vessels that carry blood to & from the lungs
  - - - vessels that carry blood to & from body tissues