Therapeutic Communication and Interviewing Skills
Concept of Therapeutic Communication
Types of Communication
Barriers of Communication
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ACCEPTING: Acknowledge what patient and affirm that they’ve been heard
OFFERING SELF :nurses offer their time, it shows they value patients and that someone is willing to give them time and attention
SILENCE : give patients the time and space they need to broach a new topic
COMMUNICATION is the art of exchanging ideas easily verbally or non-verbally.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS - refer to the communicators state of mind which is influenced by the mental conditions they are in such as if a person is sad or angry, the person might not able to think right and carefully when communicating.
ATTITUDINAL BARRIERS - refer to the attitude of the staff in the organisation towards a person such as being biased, ignoring what a person needs and poor management cause misunderstanding and confusion.
DIFFERENT LANGUAGES AND CULTURES - due to people different backgrounds, beliefs and customs could create misunderstanding and make the person sounds impolite or disrespectful if messages were delivered without considering the other person's language and culture.
PHYSICAL BARRIERS - which involve the nature and environmental condition such as noises, uncomfortable places and technological problems could affect the communication between the individuals involved as they may cause the receiver fail to focus and understand the message to be delivered.
PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIERS - due to personal discomfort which can be caused by poor eyesight, poor health condition and hearing difficulty affect the communicators way of delivering and receiving the message.
ACTIVE LISTENING: using verbal and non verbal communication to encourage patient to talk
SEEKING CLARIFICATION: asking patients for clarification when they say something confusing or ambiguous is important.
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Techniques of Communication
SEEKING CONSENSUAL VALIDATION
-Attempts to a mutual denotative and connotative meaning of specific words
FOCUSING
-Questions or statements to help the client develop or expand an idea
SEEKING CLARIFICATION
-Request to additional input to understand the message received
SUMMARIZING
-Statement of main areas discussed during an interaction
REFLECTING
-Direction back to the clients of his/her ideas, feelings, questions or content
PLANNING
-Mutual decision making regarding the goals, direction and the forth, of future interaction
RESTATING
-Repitition to the clients of what the nurse believes is the main thought or idea express
Demonstration of Therapeutic Communication
C) Listen carefully what patient say: 1. recognize tone and pitch of their voice
- evaluate vocabulary and word they choose
D) Probe patient : Ask question regarding their history and health
B) Observe the patient: patient's behaviour, how patient response to verbal and non verbal communication
E) Assess the information the overall message that the patient communicating
A) Prepare the interview: 1. buid the relationship when first meet
- maintain open minded
- use both verbal and non verbal communication
F) Touch patient / give reassurance to the patient
NON VERBAL
VERBAL
"process of transmitting messages and interpreting meaning." (Wilson et al, 1995)
Oral- information spoken by mouth and is heard. e.g. face to face
Written- written symbol e.g. instruction, memo and letter
Para-body language- way we say> what we say
sign language- use visual transimitted sign pattern
Body language e.g. facial expression, body posture
cultural arte facts- the patient dress and make up