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HYPOGLYCEMIA (Causes (Skipping meals, Unusual activity, Alcohol,…
HYPOGLYCEMIA
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Health Education
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Patients with diabetes mellitus should carry a hypo kit consisting of 1mg Glucagon at all times to manage sudden hypoglycemia
Patient should wear a MedicAlert bracelet to indicate that they are diabetic and type of medication and dosages
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Nursing Care Plan
Nursing Interventions
Administer fast acting food or drinks orally, e.g orange juice, sweet candy
If incoherent, unconscious and unable to take food orally, administer prescribed subcutaneous and or intramuscular glucagon or 43% Dextrose intravenously.
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When the patient is awake, obtain history regarding recent food intake or lack of food intake and medication.
Monitor symptoms at frequent intervals, for example, seizures,airway adequacy and vital signs.
Nurse a patient in a pedded cot bed,with the side rails up to prevent injury during seizures.
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Evaluation
After 8 hours the nursing goal is met, evidently by normal blood sugar levels.
Clinical Manifestations
Mild hypoglycaemia Drop in blood glucose stimulates the sympathetic nervous system,resulting in a surge of adrenaline.
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Severe Hypoglycemia:This impairs the central nervous system to the extent that the patient needs assistance.
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Pathophysiology
Fasting Hypoglycemia
Results excessive insulin production,decreased glucose production by the liver,hormone deficiencies,tumors of the non-islet cells and autoimmune diseases.It is associated with neuroglycopaenic symptoms such as mental confusion, seizures,and coma
Reactive Hypoglycemia
Occurs within 3-5 hours after meals. Caused by idiopathic delay in insulin secretion or rising postprandial glucose level due to rapid gastric emptying in type 2 diabetes pancreas is unable to keep up resulting in delayed insulin hyper secretion resulting in hypoglycemia
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Definition
Hypoglycemia is a condition caused by a very low level of blood sugar (glucose) with a reading of less than 3.8 mmol/L