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cardiovascular system (Anatomy of the heart (Superior Vena Cava-Large vein…
cardiovascular system
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Anatomy of the heart
Superior Vena Cava-Large vein that lies on top of the Right Atrium and just to the left of the Aorta
Right Pulmonary Artery-Pokes out just behind the Superior Vena Cava (Supplies blood form the heart to the right lung)
Pulmonary Trunk- Lies between the right and left atrium; Blood goes through this large tube before branching off into the right and left Pulmonary Arteries
Right Atrium-Cavity in the heart that lies above the right ventricle and to the left of the left atrium and left ventricle; blood from the superior and inferior vena cava dump into this cavity
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Fossa Ovalis-lies on the inside (on the right side) of the right atrium; in latin means "little oval"; it is an embryonic remnant of the foramen ovale, which normally closes shortly after birth.
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Inferior Vena Cava-A large vein that comes from up underneath the heart, behind it, and finally empties into the right atrium
Aorta-One of the largest arteries in the body, it sits on top of the heart and curves down behind it, while also lying in the region between the right and left atrium
Left Pulmonary Artery-Branches off from the Pulmonary Trunk, and supplies blood from the heart to the left lung
Left Atrium-A cavity in the heart that lies to the right of the right atrium and above the left ventricle
Left Pulmonary Veins- Poke out from behind the Left Atrium; Carry blood from the left lung back into the heart
Bicuspid Valve-A valve that regulates blood flow from the left pulmonary veins and left atrium into the left ventricle
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Pulmonary Semilunar Valve-A valve that regulates blood flow from the left ventricle into the Pulmonary Trunk
Left Ventricle- A cavity in the heart that lies to the right of the right ventricle and underneath the left atrium
Papillary Muscle-a muscle that runs along the inside of the left atrium; regulate the action of the valves
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Myocardium-muscle surrounding the internal aspects of the heart; its the stuff that makes the heart pump; the diagram points towards the tissue located near the apex
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Right Coronary Artery-lies in the right atrioventricular groove, just below the right atrium and follows horizontally along the heart
Anterior Cardiac Vein-Vein that runs along the outside of the heart; runs vertically right over the right ventricle
Marginal Artery-Artery running vertically along the outside of the heart over the right ventricle but towards the outside (left side)
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Left Subclavian Artery-artery branching off from the aorta (the one on the right) eventually goes to the clavicle
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Auricle-a little pouch on the anterior of the Left Atrium (actually exists on both atriums but the diagram points to the left one)
Circumflex Artery-Artery that runs along the outside of the heart horizontally along the left atrium
Left Coronary Artery-An artery on the outside of the heart that runs vertically (Its a fatty one)also above the anterior interventricular artery
Great Cardiac Vein-Little artery that runs on the outside of the heart just left of the Anterior Interventricular Artery
Anterior Interventricular Artery-on the outside of the heart; an artery that is a branch off of the left coronary artery (vertically below it)
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Left Atrium-Collecting chamber, collects oxygen rich blood returning rom the heart
Right Atrium-Collecting chamber, for blood returning from the trip
Left Ventricle-Pumping chamber, pumps blood to every part of the body
Right Ventricle-Pumping chamber, forces blood out of the heart
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layers of the heart
Epicardium-the outermost layer of the heart wall. It is a thin layer of serous membrane which helps lubricate and protect the outside of the heart
Pericardium-a type of serous membrane that produces serous fluids to lubricate the heart and prevent friction between the heart and its surrounding organs
Myocardium-the muscular layer that contains the cardiac muscle tissue. It makes up the majority of the thickness and mass of the heart. It is responsible for pumping blood
Endocardium-the simple squamous endothelium layer the lines the inside of the heart and is responsible for keeping blood from sticking to the inside of the heart
Pericardial Cavity-The pericardial cavity is the potential space formed between the two layers of serous pericardium around the heart. Normally, it contains a small amount of serous fluid that acts to reduce surface tension and lubricate.
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Parietal Pericardium-The outer layer of the pericardium which is a conical sac of fibrous tissue that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great blood vessels. The pericardium has outer and inner coats
Fibrous Pericardium-The outer layer of the pericardium is the fibrous pericardium, comprised of dense connective tissue, which protects the heart, anchors it to the surrounding walls, and prevents it from overfilling.
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intrinsic factors
Intrinsic factors-a substance by the stomach that enables the body to absorb vitamin B12 (a glycoprotein
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Anemia-a decrease in red blood cells when the body can't absorb enough vitamin B12 which intrinsic factors absorbs; when there is not enough intrinsic factor
Physical Preparation: Muscle imbalances-Sometimes one muscle is stronger which causes imbalance. This can be the result of incorrect weight training, or intense sports where one side of the body is used more that the other
Physical Preparation: Overuse injuries-They are the result of repetitive micro-trauma to the tendons, bones, and joints.
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