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How good a King was Guy Lusignan? (Politcial (Guy had an outsider status-…
How good a King was Guy Lusignan?
Military
POOR MILITARY PERFORMANCE
MAY 1187- DEFEAT AT CRESSON= military orders attacked Saladin's force- only 4 Frankish knights survived- Frankish morale= low and rumours spread that Raymond allowed Saladin free passage through his lands- so caused factionalism.
THE AL- FULE CAMPAIGN 1183= Guy as regent failed the campaign against Saladin- the franks made a camp a mile away from Saladin and there they remained- guy failed to act aggressively enough towards Saladin- therefore Guy failed to gain respect and support from franks as not seen as a strong military leader.
THE BATTLE OF HATTIN JULY 1187
JULY 1187 = Guy took the shorter and easier route- the most obvious one- so Saladin was able to guess the route and secretly went and sealed the water springs along the route- meant that Franks were dehydrated.
JULY 1187= Saladin besieged Tiberias, trapping Raymond's wife- so Guy decided to go on and confront Saladin- which was a bad military decision because It meant that there was no one defending Jerusalem.
JULY 1187- Guy chose not to rest over at Turan and instead to push on- meant troops couldnt rest properly- meant less energy for battle with Saladin
JULY 1187- instead Guy rested somewhere else- but when Saladin was following him- so Saladin surrounded the Franks and lit fires to the grass and shot arrows-guy then desperately charged but failed and Muslims defeated the Franks and also took Guy's tent and the relic of the true cross.
JULY 1187- Guy, Reynald, other nobles and military orders were captured- Saladin treated Guy with respect because he was king- Reynald was killed and military orders executed
AUGUST 1187- all coastal towns like Acre, Jaffa, Tiberias etc fell to Saladin, except from Tyre which was saved by the arrival of the fleet of Conrad of Montferrat
SEPTEMBER 1187= Jerusalem which was only defended by two knights surrended. Saladin negotiated the release the city's Muslims- no Latin's remained in Jerusalem, eastern Christians could stay and churches became mosques- Saladin kept the holy sepulchre so he could tax Christian pilgrim traffic
Politcial
Guy had an outsider status- because Richard the lion heart kicked him and his brother out of their homeland- so went to holy land. Guy had no land- so couldnt bring manpower with him and had a lack of connection- so franks didnt really respect him.
1183- Baldwin took back personal control after handing the regency over to guy-because of guys lack of military success at the al- fule campaign of 1183.
1184- Baldwin unsuccessfully tried to have the marriage between his sister Sybil and Guy dissolved.
1184/ 5Baldwin wanted to settle on the coast where the climate would suit his condition better- but Guy didnt give Tyre back because he didnt want to lose the revenues from the port.
1186- 7 - could be argued that Guy had a lack of control over his nobles- e.g in 1186/1187- Reynald attacked a muslim caravan, which broke the truce that the Franks had with Saladin- but apparently guy did try and get Reynald to apologise but he refused- so perhaps shows that it was Reynald's fault, not Guys.
July 1187- Raymond abandoned truce with Saladin and swore allegiance to Guy and advised Guy to shadow Saladin and Guy agreed . BUT Reynald and Gerard de Ridefort convinced Guy to confront Saladin head on as Gerard hated Raymond - so Guy marched on Saladin at Tiberias without proper water supplies
Diplomatic
RELATIONS WITH THE WEST
Aug 1187- Guy appealed to the West- Guy asked for aid after Cresson and Conrad of Montferrat arrived in time to save Tyre.
Oct 1187- Pope Gregory VIII issued a bull calling for Third Crusade.1188+90- Help arrived from King William II of Sicily, Pisan fleet and English fleet.
April 1191- Richard Lionheart responded to Pope Gregory's call- sailed to the east with a massive, well equipped, trained and supplied army. 17, 000 troops assembled in Sicily. Phillip of France gathered a small force and sailed east. Guy swore homage to Richard and received his support and Conrad secured the support of Phillip of France
MULSIM UNITY
SEE SALADIN SLIDE