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Viruses (Viruses replicate only in host cells (Lacking metabolic enzymes,…
Viruses
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Viruses, viroids, and prions are formidable pathogens in animals and plants
Modern medicine has developed vaccines, harmless variants or derivatives of pathogenic microbes, that stimulate the immune system to mount defenses against the actual pathogen
Antibiotics, which can kill bacteria by inhibiting enzymes or processes specific to bacteria, are powerless against viruses, which have few or no enzymes of their own
In recent years, several emerging viruses have risen to prominence
In April 2009, a general outbreak, or epidemic, of a flu-like illness appeared in Mexico and the United States
The viral disease spread rapidly, prompting the World Health Organization to declare a global epidemic, or pandemic, in June 2009
Viroids, smaller and simpler than even viruses, consist of tiny molecules of naked circular RNA that infect plants
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