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Cardiovascular System By:Loraene Lozano Period:1 (Anatomy of the heart…
Cardiovascular System By:Loraene Lozano Period:1
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
The major functions of the cardiovascular system are oxygen, transport of nutrients, hormones throughout the body, and removal of waste throughout the body. Also the arteries and veins have a big part because the arteries carry blood away from the heart and the veins carry it back to the heart so it has a flow of blood at a good rate
Anatomy of the heart
Left Comm Carotid Artery
Left Subclavian artery
Aortic Arch
Ligamentum Arteriosum
Auricle of the left atrium
Left pulmonary artery
Circumflex Artery
Grand Cardiac Veins
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Right coronary Artery
Right Atrium
Right pulmonary veins
Pulmonary trunk
Ascending Aorta
Superior Vena Cava
Brachiocephalic Trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian Arterty
Left Pulmonary Artery
Auricle of left atrium
Left atrium
Posterior vein of left ventricle
Apex
Middle cardiac vein
Posterior interventricular Artery
Coronary sinus
Interior vena cava
Aorta
Layers of the heart
Epicardium
Is the outer most layer of the heart
Myocardium
Is the muscular layer in the middle
Endocardium
Is the inner most layer of the heart
Blood flow through heart & body
The blood flow includes delivery of O2 and nutrients and removal of wastes from tissue cells. Then a gas exchange in thelings, then absorption of nutrients in digestive tract, and urine formation in the kidneys. This needs to have a good rate and flow amount to provide function to tissue organs.
Blood flow through the heart is influenced by aortic pressures and ventricular pumping. During the ventricular systole coronary vessels are compressed which stored myoglobin supplies the oxygen.During diastole high aortic pressure blood forces through coronary circulation. During strenuous exercise, coronary vessels dilate in response to local accumulation of vasodilator. Cardiac cells use 65% of O2 delivered.
Major arteries & veins
Right coronary artery
It supplies the right atrium and right ventricle with blood. Also it branches to the posterior arteries and gives blood to the left ventricle
Left coronary artery
Branches to the anterior artery. This artery gives blood to the front and bottom of the left ventricle and also supplies the front of the septum
Superior vena cava
carries oxygen-poor blood to the heart
Inferior vena cava
return deoxygenated blood and empty to the tight atrium
Structural and differences between blood vessel types
The pulmonary vessels transports blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and the systemic vessel carries blood from left ventricle to all parts of the body
The capillaries are the smallest but are many in the body. There function is to exchange material between blood and tissue cells.
Cardiac cycle and ECG
The cardiac cycle has 2 phases which is when it is diastole and systole. Diastole is when the heart ventricles are relaxed also the heart is filled with blood. Systole phase is when the ventricles contract and start to pump blood out to the arteries
ECG is a electrocardiogram which is a test that detects heart problems. This will show when the heart contracts.
Disorders of cardiovascular system
Coronary artery disorder
The arteries become more narrow and restricts the blood flow to heart muscle and then that can restrict the oxygen
Heart attack
The heart muscles requires constant oxygen and with coronary artery disease the arteries become narrow so that can lead to a heart attack. Also fat, calcium, proteins, and cell builds up and create this plaques that just back everything up
Heart Failure
Can be caused by heart attacks, heart artery disease, and high blood pressure
Heart muscle disease
The heart is abnormally large and so the heart muscle is less efficient to pump blood.