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HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS (COMPUTER FUNCTIONS (DEFINITIONS (Hardware:…
HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS
COMPUTER LANGUAGE AND FUNCTION
:
When we communicate or memorise a sentence or make calculation s we use a lot of different symbols , sound and images. Computers only use the numbers 0 and 1(
Binary system
).
If we give a code for each leter of the alphabet it is called
ASCII
SOFTWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS
The operating system:
Ia the first thing that appears when you turn on your computer and the last thing that you see when you are turning it offf.
Function of the operating system
Manages the memory and storage systrems.
Providece an interface or working evironment.
Manages the microprocessor.
Allows communication between applications and peripheral devices.
COMPUTER FUNCTIONS
Output
of data using peripheral devices.
Storing
data in the storage devices.
Input
of data using peripheral devices.
Processing
data in the central processing unit (CPU) ussing the microprocessor and the memory.
DEFINITIONS
Hardware
: Physical components of the computer system that we use and those we can touch and move.
Software or progams
: the data and the instructions we need no mange the data.
COMPUTER ELEMENTS
:
Memory and units of storage
ROM BIOS
: it checks the system. If everything is correct the BIOS starts the operating system in the main memory , so this system can take control of the computer.
RAM
: ( Random Access Memory )It is the computer memory.
Cache memory
: Is a memory faster than the RAM installed between the RAM and the microprocessor.
Storage devices
Magnetic disks
Optical discs
Solid-state memory /flash)
Motherboard and service systems
:The motherboard is a large board inside the computer.
COMPONENTS
The
IDE
(integrated device electronics ) or
ATA
(advanced technology attachment ) and
SATA
(serial ATA) connectors connect the hard disk , CD drive and DVD drive to the motherboard.
The
chipset
: number of integrated circuits designed to perform related functions .
Slots
that can be used to expand or add new components. These slots can be PCI (Peripheral component interconnect ) or PCI- express.
Various input /output
Conecting external devices
By special connectors on the motherboard.
Using the external ports on the side or back of the computer.
Using an expasin slot on the motherboard to connect a sound card or graphics card.
Microprocessor
: is an integrated circuit made up of millions of tiny transistors working together to process the instructions and data received from the memory.
Now microprocessors can process 64 bits at a time.
The power of it also depends on it cache memory and the speed at which it communicates with the RAM.
The clock rate sets the pace at which processes are completed. It generates electrical impulses.
WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM
Hard disk maitenance
Cleaning the hard disk.
Defragmenting the hard disk.
Detecting and repairing errors.
Installing and unistalling programs.
System updates
Saving power
LINUX OPERATING SYSTEMS
Installing and unistalling programs.
How to keep your system up to date.
COMPUTER NETWORKS
Local area networks or LANs
Ring
Star.
Linear.
Metropolitan are networks , made up of several LANs.
Wide area networks , convertingb a country or continent.
ELEMENTS IN A NETWORK
Network card.
Hub.
Adaptor.
Coaxial cable.
Fibre optic cable
Connector.
WIRELESS NETWORK
WLANs(wireless LANs): They use electromacnetic waves to transmit data.
WAP( wireless access points): We can use it to transmit data.
SHARED INTERNET ACCESS
Using Internet Conection Sharing (ICS)
Using a router
SHARING RESOURCES IN WINDOWS
Sharing a printrer
Sharing files and folders
Sharing a folder
Accesing a shared folder
SHARING RESOURCES IN LINUX
Sharing a computer
Sharing a printer
Sharing folders
