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Therapeutic Communication and Interviewing Skills (Techniques of…
Therapeutic Communication and Interviewing Skills
Types of communication
Formal and informal communication
Formal
emails
letterheads
memos
reports
Informal
SMS
WhatsApp messages
Written communication
Emails
Text messages
Letters
Reports
Non-verbal communication
Body Language
Verbal communication
Visual communication
Colors (such as brand colors)
Design (logo and brand design)
Advertising
Animations
Illustrations
Typography
Presentations
Video resume’s
Techniques of Therapeutic Communication
Active listening (Attentive to what client is saying)
Sharing observations (Make observations by commenting on how other person look or act).
Sharing empathy (Accept and understand other person's personality, to communicate understanding).
Sharing hope (Communicate a sense of "possibility" to others, deliver encouragement when appriopriate and positive feedback).
Sharing feelings (Acknowledge feeling and encourage patient to express emotion).
Sharing humor (Contribute to feeling of closeness and friendliness)
Silence (Provide time for nurse and client to sort out feelings and think of appropriate way to communicate).
Clarifying (To have better understanding)
Provide Information (Help client to make decision, reduce anxiety, to make client to feel safe and secure).
Touch (Apply comfort touch at appropriate situation)
Focusing (Note for every single word or idea expressed).
Paraphrasing (Restate another message more briefly using one own's word)
Ask relevant question (To seek for information needed).
Summarizing (Gather informations for documentation).
Self-Disclosure (Reveal self true personal experience to others to emphasize on the similarity and differences).
Confrontation (Help client to become more aware of inconsistencies in his feelings, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors).
Demonstration of the Techniques of Therapeutic Communication
Assess verbal and non-verbal client communication needs
Level of development and age
Level of consciousness
Emotional state and level of stress
Culture
Individual values, beliefs, perspectives and perceptions
Respect the client's personal values and beliefs
Allow time to communicate with the client
Encourage the client to verbalize feelings
Fear
Discomfort
Anxieties
Evaluating the effectiveness of communications with the client
Use therapeutic communication techniques to provide client support
Attentive, active listening
Silence
Focusing
"Ms Anne, your family is very interesting and successful. Thank you for sharing this information with me. Now, let's discuss your diabetes and the insulin that you will be taking after you leave the hospital".
Open-ended question
Clarification
"You appear upset. Would you like to talk about it?"
Exploring
Paraphrasing
Paraphrase a client statement such as "I am too tired to even think" with, "Did you mean that you are too tired now to continue with this education?"
Restating
When a client says, "I am ready to do some walking" and the nurse says, "Did I hear you say that you are now ready to do some walking?"
Reflection
When a client appears to be angry and upset, the nurse may state, "You seem a little angry today. Would you like to talk about it?".
Providing leads to the patient
"Tell me about your concerns relating to your new medications".
Summarizing
"During our discussion today, we have discussed the roles of diabetic medications, exercise, diet and other factors as they interact with each other and how these interactions impact on the successful management of diabetes."
Recognition, acknowledgement, and acceptance
Offering of self
Concept of therapeutic communication
Purpose
To provide a safe place for the client to explore the meaning of the illness experienced
To provide the information and emotional support that each client needs to achieve maximum health and well-being
Helps client realistically sort out priorities and actions they can take to better cope.
Assessing and modifying behaviour
Definition
A purposeful form of conversation designed to help a client achieve identified health-related goals through participation in a focused relationship
Rapport- interpersonal harmony characterized by understanding and respect
Validation- checking out one’s own thoughts or feelings with another
Empathy- ability to experience, in the present, the situation as another did at some time in the past
Boundaries- defining limits of persons, objects, or relationships.
Goals
Establish therapeutic relationship
Identify patient’s most important concerns; assess patient’s perceptions
Facilitate patient’s expression of emotions
Teach patient, family necessary self-care skills
Recognize patient’s needs; implement interventions to address patient’s needs
Guide patient toward acceptable solutions
Barriers of Communications
Gender
The feeling of uncomfortable when speaking to different gender for example female patient being interviewed by male nurse.
Health status
When the patient does not feel well to be interviewed by the nurse (eg: dizzy, pain..etc)
Knowledge difference
Healthcare providers tend to use medical jargon when communicating with the patients left the patient does not understand the messages their trying to tell.
Developmental level
Age difference may contribute to communication barrier for example communication between Nurse and infants, nurse and elderly. As for babies they does not understand anything yet while elderly they might have impaired hearing and different way of understanding.
Language
Occur when the patient or the nurse cannot understand the language used by either both of them when communicating.
Stereotyping
Patient stereotype nurse as only a person who do procedure without knowing a.k.a doctor handmaiden so that their do not want to speak with the nurses.