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Adaptations of the respiratory system (Tracheal system (insects, few tubes…
Adaptations of the respiratory system
Gills
Fish uses gills to absorb oxygen
consist of thin membranes of filaments
enables gases to diffuse into the blood capillary
Tracheal system
insects
few tubes that branches throughout the body
tiny branches - tracheoles
tracheoles end is thin & moist to dissolve gas
Outer moist skin and lungs
-Outer skin is thin
-allows fast & easy diffusion
Outer skin is coated with a layer of mucous
-Dissolves respiratory gasses
has many networks of blood capillaries
Adaption of respiratory system in different situations
Vigorous activity rate of cellular respiration increase & breathing rates increase
Depth of sea pressure high and breathing becomes difficult
High altitudes
atmospheric pressure is low and breathing becomes difficult
Anaemia lacks of mineral
Sickle cell anaemia
Shaped as a sickle unlike normal biconcave cells
Has a smaller surface area
Less haeogoblin present and oxygen to be carried
Exchange of Gases in Plants
Stoma
Guard cells - chloroplasts - carry out photosynthesis
Exchange of gases between plant cells - through the stoma - diffusion
Opens during the day & closes at night
During the night
Guard cells lose turgidity - stoma closes
Water leaves stoma - osmosis guard cells
Photosynthesis does not occur
Carbon dioxide is released through the small opening of the stoma
During the day
Oxygen diffuses into the cells - used for cellular respiration - cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide
Water enter guard cells through osmosis ~> guard cells become turgid ~> bend away from each other ~> stoma open
Rate of photosynthesis is higher
Higher consentration of carbon dioxide diffuses out of stoma
Effect of Pollution & Prevention Steps on Plants
Haze includes: smoke, soot, dust and small particles
Smoke particles block stoma
Haze prevents the penetration of sunlight
Stop open burning
Cause acid rain - affects growth of agriculture products
Toxic gases dissolves in rain water and becomes acid rain
Causes soil to become more acidic
Acid rain damages leaves and roots
Filter gases emitted from factories
Size of stoma controlled - two guard cells