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Cardiovascular System (Blood Flow Through the Heart and Body (To lungs…
Cardiovascular System
Blood Flow Through the Heart and Body
To lungs (oxygenated here)
To pulmonary vein
6.To pulmonary trunk/artery
Through pulmonary valve
To atrium
to right ventricle
Through mitral/bicuspid valve
Through tricuspid valve
To left ventricle
To right atrium
Through aortic valve
Deoxygenated blood enters SVC/IVC
To the aorta
Intrinsic factors
Sinoatrial (S-A) node
at right atrium; starts/sets heart beat & pace
Atrioventrical (A-V) node
at junction between atria & ventricles
Right & Left bundle branches
at interventricular septum
Purkinje fibers
myocardial muscle fibers that conduct electrical impulse
Layers of the
Heart
Epicardium
outer connective tissue layer
Myocardium
middle, thick muscle layer
Endocardium
inner lining
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types
Arteries
thickest layer; small lumen
carry high pressure blood
moves blood with pumping action
Capillaries
Vascular shunt
directly connects arteriole to venule
True capillaries
gas exchange by diffusion
Veins
thinner tunica media; larger lumen
carries low pressure blood
moves blood with milking action of muscles
contains many minivalves to prevent backflow
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
Mid-to-late diastole
blood flows into ventricles
Ventricular systole
blood pressure builds force before ventricle contracts, pushes blood out
Early diastole
atria finish refilling, ventricular pressure is low
Major functions of the
cardiovascular system
Deliver oxygen and nutrients
Remove carbon dioxide and waste
Major arteries and veins of the body
Arteries
ascending aorta
aortic arch
thoracic aorta
abdominal aorta
brachiocephalic aorta
common carotid artery
subclavian artery
axillary artery
brachial artery
ulnar artery
common iliac artery
femoral artery
anterior tibial artery
fibular artery
Veins
cephalic vein
basilic vein
radial vein
ulnar vein
brachial vein
axillary vein
subclavian vein
brachiocephalic vein
superior vena cava
vertebral vein
internal/external jugular vein
femoral vein
great/small saphenous vein
inferior vena cava
gonadal veins