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the Cardiovascular System (Anatomy of the heart (pulmonary semilunar valve…
the Cardiovascular System
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
the functions of the system is pumps heart blood.
The blood vessels circulate the blood to all parts of the body.
Delivers oxygen and nutrient and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products.
Layers of the
heart
epicardium is the outer connective tissue layer.
myocardium is the middle thick muscle layer.
endocardium(endothelium) is the inner lining of the heart.
Anatomy of the heart
pulmonary semilunar valve is between right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.
semilunar valve is between ventricle and artery
tricuspid valve is the right half of the heart.
the bicuspid valve is the left of the heart.
the artioventricular valves is between the atria and ventricles.
the interventicular septum wall separating the two ventricles.
the left ventricle discharges blood to the rest of the body.
the right ventricle which discharges blood to the lungs.
the ventricles which is discharging the chambers.
the right atrium receives blood from the rest of the body.
the left atrium receives blood from the lungs.
the atria is receiving chambers.
Major arteries and veins of the body
arteries carries blood away from the heart.
arterioles are small arteries found between arteries and capillaries.
capillaries are the smallest of the blood vessels and site of gas exchange between blood and tissue cells.
venules are small veins which connect the capillaries and veins.
veins which return blood towards the heart.
structural and
functional differences between blood vessel types
Arteries are the thickest layer (large tunica media) which is small lumen (space the inside blood vessel), carry the high pressure blood and the blood is moved by pumping action of the heart.
Veins are the thinner tunica media and the larger lumen, carry the low pressure of the blood, the blood is the moved of "milking" action of the muscle to help move the blood and it contains the many minivalves to prevent the backflow.
Capillary beds (interweaving network of the capillaries which consists of two types of vessels.
vascular shunt is directly connects an arteriole to the venule.
True capillaries which is a gas exchange by the diffusion (high low concentration).
intrinsic factors
internal control of heart control which has the muscle cells contract without nerve impulse in a regular in the continuous way.
the element of intrinsic conduction system is SA nodes, AV nodes, AV bundle, bundle branches, purkine fibers and ventricular walls.
Sinotrial (S-A) node which is packmarker and is located at the right atrium, it starts the heart beat and sets pace.
Seguential stimulation it occurs at the other autorhythmic cells.
Atrioventricular (A-V) nodes which is at the junction between atria and ventricles.
Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of his) is the right and left bundles branches that is located at the interventricular
Purkinie fibers are specialized myocardial muscle fibers that conduct electric impulse and is spread within muscle of the ventricular.
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
cardiac cycle are events of one complete heart beat.
mid-to-late diastole is a blood flow into the ventricles.
ventricular systole is blood pressure that builds before the ventricle contracts by pushing out the blood.
early diastole is the atria finish is the re-filing ventricular pressure that is low.
disorders of the cardiovascular system
pericarditis is the inflammation of the pericardium that may be commonly caused by the viral infections which is caused the build up of the fluid in the pericardial cavity and prevents the heart from expanding and contracting the pump blood.
Angina pectoris is the crushing chest pain from the lack of the blood to the heart attack. May be an infarction of the myocardial infarction or the pain may be due to sore chest muscle.
Myocardial infarction (heart attack) has its heart muscle cells die due to lack of blood to the heart muscle (myocardium).which is caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries the symptoms can be chest pains, pain down the left arm, shortness of breath, fever and vomiting.
Murmur is the abnormal or the irregular heart sounds which can be caused by the valve stenosis.
Valve stenosis is the defect in valve failing to open which make heart pump harder and the problems can happen to any valve but most worst is mitral valve.
Fibrillation are rapid uncoordinated shuddering of the heart muscle which prevents hearts from acting as a pump The causes by the defect in the intrinsic conduction system specifically by the SA node.
Varicose veins are the swollen and twisted veins caused by when valves in the veins do not worked and cause the backflow or the pooling of the blood.