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Cardiovascular System Raul Garcia-Navarro Period:6 (Major arteries and…
Cardiovascular System
Raul Garcia-Navarro
Period:6
Major Functions of the Cardiovascular system
Removal
Of waste, such as carbon dioxide from the blood stream
Nutrients
Oxygen and hormones
Transport
nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the body
Anatomy of the heart
Highly oxygenated
Polumanary veins
Left atrium
Mitral valve
Left ventricle
Arotic valve
Aorta
Deoxygenated
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Polumanary valve
Polumanary trunk
Polumanary artery
Layers of the heart
Myocardium
muscular middle layer wall of the heart
composed of cardiac muscle fibers
enable heart contractions
Endocardium
inner layer of the heart
consists of smooth muscle, as well as elastic fibers
lines the inner heart chambers, covers heart valves and is continuous with the endothelium of large blood vessels
Epicardium
outer protective layer of the heart
composed primarily of loose connective tissue, including elastic fibers and adipose tissue
functions to protect the inner heart layers and also assists in the production of pericardial fluid
Major arteries and veins of the body
internal iliac artery
Branch of the common iliac artery flowing to the pelvis, the genital organs and the inner thigh
great saphenous vein
Superficial vein collecting blood from the inner leg and thigh and receiving blood from certain veins of the foot; it is the longest vein in the body
superior vena cava
Vein carrying deoxygenated blood from the upper body
femoral vein
Vein collecting blood from the deep structures of the thighs and receives blood from the great saphenous vein, among others
abdominal aorta
Fourth segment of the aorta circulating to all the organs and to the walls of the abdomen; it branches into the common iliac arteries
renal artery
Branch of the abdominal aorta circulating blood to the kidney
superior mesenteric artery
Branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to the ascending colon and half of the transverse colon
pulmonary artery
Artery carrying blood that is poor in oxygen and rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs; it is the only artery that transports oxygen-poor blood
renal vein
Large vein collecting blood from the kidney; it flows into the inferior vena cava
cephalic vein
Superficial vein of the outer arm emptying into the axillary vein; it also receives blood from the superficial veins of the shoulder
basilic vein
Large superficial vein of the inner surface of the arm; it connects to the humeral vein in the armpit to form the axillary vein
Structural and
functional differences between blood vessel types
Arteries
Thick walls with small lumens; Generally appear rounded
Endothelium usually appears wavy due to constriction of smooth muscle; Internal elastic membrane present in larger vessels
thickest layer in arteries; Smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers
Normally thinner than the tunica media in all but the largest arteries; Collagenous and elastic fibers
Veins
Thin walls with large lumens; Generally appear flattened
Endothelium appears smooth; Internal elastic membrane absent
Smooth muscle cells and collagenous fibers predominate
thickest layer in veins; Collagenous and smooth fibers predominate; Some smooth muscle fibers
General appearance
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa
Intrinsic factors
Intrinsic regulation
it is self-regulating and maintains it's own rhythm without direction
The sympathetic components increase heart rate by releasing the neural hormone catecholamines
Extrinsic regulation
change rapidly because of chemicals that circular in the blood or by direct action of nerves that go to the heart
The parasympathetic components decrease heart rate, these neurons release the neurohormone acetylcholine, which inhibits heart rate
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
Diastole
Phase 2
diastole occurs when the mitral valve opens and allows for right ventricular to rapidly fill
Phase 3
diastasis occurs next describing the decrease in passive filling of the ventricles
Phase 1
Isovolumic Relaxation begins when the arotic valve closes
Phase 4
atrial contraction this typically contributes approximately 20-25% of ventricular filling
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Coronary artery disease
Damages for diseased in the heart's major blood vessels
High blood pressure
A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high
Cardiac arrest
Sudden, unexpected loss of heart function, breathing, and consciousness
Stroke
Damage to the brain from interruption of its blood supply
Arrhythmia
Improper beating of the heart, whether irregular, too fast, or too slow