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Tissues & Primary Growth (External Organization of Stem (axiliary buds…
Tissues & Primary Growth
Parenchyma
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thin primary walls
most common cell and tissue
all soft parts of plants
Subtypes of Parachyma Cells
Chlorenchyma
involved in photosynthesis
thin walls allow CO2 to pass through
Glandular
secrete nectar, fragrances, and oils
elevated amounts of dictytosomes and endoplasmic reticulum
metabolically changes sugar and minerals
Transfer Cells
mediate short distance transport by plasma membrane
capable of large-scale pumping
some function by dying at maturity
stamens and some fruit
Collenchyma
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thick around corners
exhibits plasticity
ability to transform based on pressure and tension
together like bands
Sclerencyma
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primary and secondary wall
walls are elastic
develop from parenchyma cells
Types of Sclerenchyma
Mechanical
Sclereids
dead at maturity
more or less isodiametric
Fibers
involved in storage
Conducting
Tracheids
long/narrow w/ tapered ends
dead at maturity
found in ALL vascular plants
Vessel Elements
short/wide w/perpendicular end walls
dead at maturity
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exclusively in flowering plants
External Organization of Stem
nodes
where leaves are attached
internodes
region between nodes
leaf axil
point where leaves attach to stem
axiliary buds
miniature shoot with dormant meristems
vegative or floral bud
covered in bud scales
waxy
modified leaves
protect delicate organs inside
maniature sho
terminal bud
located at the tip of each steam
stolons
capacity to 'explore'
bulbs
short shoots
thick fleshy leaves
corms
vertical, thin papery leaves
Types of Stems
Rhizomes
fleshy horizontal stems that allow plants to spread underground
Tubers
grow only for a short period
main use is storing nutrients
Phyllotaxy
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arrangement of leaves on the stem
Alternate
leaves one per node
Opposite
leaves 2 per node
Decussate
leaves located in 4 rows
Whorled
Three or more leaves per node
Spiral
Leaves not aligned
Distichous
leaves located in ONLY 2 rows
