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Unit 5 How Effective was the US at Stopping the Spread of Communism?…
Unit 5 How Effective was the US at Stopping the Spread of Communism?
Korea
Roots of the Korean War
Korea had been taken over by Japan after WWII.
USSR defeats Japan from the North, while US defeats Japan from the South.
After Korea is split, the north become communist and is run by Kim Il Sung, and the South is run by the capitalist Syngman Rhee.
Korean War
In 1950, North Korea invades South and take over almost all of Korea.
President Truman sends warships, advisers, and supplies to the South.
The mess at the united nations
Background
Korea's neighbor, China becomes communist in 1949, which worries US about the "domino effect."
UN or US War?
Military commander, General MacArthur, was American
17 countries were involved in the Korean war most foreign troops were American
Cuba
U.S. Reaction
The U.S. places a trade embargo (restrictions) on Cuba.
1961, the CIA launches Bay of Pigs Invasion to overthrow Castro.
After Castro begins to nationalize wealthy Cuban and American businesses, the U.S. decides to take action against him.
Cuban Missile Crisis
1962 the USSR's Nikita Khrushchev begins building nuclear missile launch sites in Cuba.
The U.S. obtains spy plane photos providing the existence of launch sites.
President Kennedy announces the Cuban Blockade to prevent the USSR from delivering weapons to the island.
This showdown is the closest the U.S. and USSR ever came to a nuclear war.
Ultimately, Khrushchev stops the shipment to Cuba and removes the missile while Kennedy also removes U.S missiles from Basis and Turkey.
President Kennedy kept removal of missile in Turkey a secret to make it look like the U.S. "won" the Cuban missile crisis.
Cuba
Cuba saw extremely high poverty and unemployment under Batista
Batista allowed the U.S. to dominate and profit off of the Cuban economy
Cuba is being led by general Fugencio Batista a cruel dictator that was supported by the U.S.
1953, Fidel Castro begins at 5+ year revolution against Batista which gains the support of the Cuban people and ends with a victory in 1959.
Vietnam
Vietcong Tactics
use of peasants/farmers
the VC were ordered to be friendly with the peasants so they would give them supplies, hide weapons/soldiers, not inform on them to the US troops, and pass info along to the VC about the US.
the VC also terrified the peasants so they would work for them, killing those who did not aid the VC.
"hanging onto american belts"
this tactic involved fighting extremely close to the US so their bombers/planes and artillery could not be used.
the US was not going to bomb their own men.
Tunnel complexes more than 150 miles
used to smuggle weapons from one place to another
these are uses to avoid bombs of the US
used to hide after a firefighter
booby traps
Also to lessen the numbers of fighters available
Very safe tool since the VC does not have to be around to inflict damage
These were designed to frighten the US soldiers and lower morale
very cheap to make
US tactics
operation rolling thunder
massive bombing campaign that was supposed to disrupt the supplies of weapons and troops of South Vietnam
Problems
did not disrupt supplies
killed many innocent people, making the US look bad and raising opposition to the war.
search and destroy
tactic where the US would fly small #'s of troops out to Vietcong locations then destroy everything Vietcong needed to continue fighting.
problems
vietcong would get advanced warnings of raids and move supplies
innocent villagers would sometimes get killed
images of US soldiers destroying villages made the US look bad and raised opposition to the war.
strategic hamlets
required moving farmers/peasants/villagers to "safe zone" that had been cleared of "the enemy."
Problems
vietcong often tricked US troops and got into safe zones
vietnamese did not want to be moved from their homes
tactic used to separate Vietcong from the farmers, so the "enemy" could be easily found.
chemical weapons
tactic used to combat the natural advantage of the jungle environment that the Vietcong had over the US troops
a spray was dropped from planes that would kill the leaves of the trees, so bombs could be used more effectively
bombs and flame throwers were used to burn through the jungle
Problems
innocent people were harmed with these tactics
it made the US look like monsters to the people of Vietnam
Background
1941 Japan take control of Vietnam
Viet Minh continue the fight for independence.
Japan leaves upon losing WWII
French try to reassert control
Viet Minh continue to fight the French
The French get help from the US
In 1954 Viet Minh won independence, Geneva Accords signed to end war, Vietnam divided in half
Unfortunately, the French were being helped by the US. The US continues to fight.
1955 US back Ngo Dinh Diem in the South (puppet)
He is disliked by many Vietnamese, and had little control over S Vietnam.
Diem is finally assassinated in an attempt to overthrow his Gov't
Diem is extremely anti-communist and wants to unite Vietnam.
The US remains to continue the fight against communism.
1870's French Colonze Indo China
Europeans had been here for over 400 years
Viet Minh, freedom fighters aligned with Ho Chi Minh seek independence for Vietnam
70 years of French colonial rule