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How good a king was King Baldwin III (1152-1163)? (Militarily (1149 - the…
How good a king was King Baldwin III (1152-1163)?
Militarily
1149 - the Battle of Inab 1149- Raymond of Antioch camped in an open field- Nur ad Din watched him over night and then attacked from different directions- killed Raymond of Antioch- lead to a loss of manpower- meant Antioch was at threat.
the siege of Ascalon in 1153 - gained key port- trade, financial income and manpower etc - also took the launchpad of Fatimid invasions. BUT Templars at Ascalon went ahead of main army and took booty beforehand - meant that main army was massacred????
The Battle of Bouqia 1163- defeated Nur ad Din with the help from the Templars- humiliation for Nur ad Din- short term benefits , but negative long term consequences
In 1154- Baldwin and his troops set out to reclaim Damascus from Nur ad Din but were defeated at Jacobs Ford.
1154- Count Theirry of Flanders and Baldwin III planned a joint attack on Shaizer but failed due to lack of control over Reynald
Political
1152 - Baldwin had a civil war with his mother Melisande about ruling together and power- Baldwin wanted absolute power so dethroned melisende in jerusalem. - prevented defence of Outremer
assassination of Raymond of Tripoli in 1152- meant loss of manpower- baldwin had to govern Outremer alone
1160s= larger castles are built- e.g Kerak and Jacobs Ford etc which were built when Nur ad Din's power was rising these castles held out against Saladin for over a year
Nur ad Din as a strong muslim leader
Nur ad Din attacked inab in 1149 to capture Apamea and Harim because they threatened the security of Antioch and it meant that he could control the communication route between Damascus and Aleppo.
Nur ad Din did a blockade of Damascus in 1154 with Shirkuh- cut off supplies etc- the damascnes let nur ad din and Abaq fled- meant that NaD took the city- threatens Outremer.
COUNTER ARGUMENT AGAISNT JIHADI
he had a year truce with the Franks in 1155 right after he took Damascus- this was pragmatic but it doesnt show jihadi rhetoric- he then extended the truce for another year aswell.
see mindmap on Nur ad Din jhadi on google slides
Diplomatic
Baldwin III allied with Abaq the new ruler of Damascus in 1150- which meant that Nur ad Din could label him a betrayer and meant that the Damascnes turned against Abaq and favuoured Nur ad Din
Lack of help from the west - in 1154 after franks defeat at Jacobs Ford- pope Adrian sent out a bull for new crusade- but had very little response
help from Count Thierry of Flanders in 1154
Byzantines acted as a threat to Nur ad Din- prevented him from attacking and taking Antioch after his success at the Battle of Inab 1149-
1159 joint byzantine and Frankish force attack Aleppo- nad saw byz as threat and was outnumbered so was pragmatic so agreed a truce with the Byzantines- agreed to release Christians imprisoned from the second crusade- Manuel agreed as didnt want reynald to take more land